Lomonosov Creative biography

It is difficult to name the field of science, technology and culture, into which he would not contribute. His scientific interests were extremely wide and multifaceted. Work in the field of physics, chemistry, astronomy, optics, geology, mineralogy and crystallography, technology, geography and meteorology, economics, history and literature, and pedagogy laid the foundations for the development of these sciences.

He created the first scientific chemical laboratory in Russia, organized astronomical and meteorological studies, participated in the equipment of geographical and geological expeditions, in the preparation of swimming with the aim of studying and mastering the Northern Sea Route, developed projects for the reconstruction of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded Moscow University.

In addition, Lomonosov is known to us as a talented poet and as the author of unique mosaic portraits and paintings. It is amazing not only Lomonosov’s talent as an encyclopedist scientist, his life itself is amazing-a constant scientific search, an insatiable thirst for knowledge, perseverance and selflessness in work, selfless love for his country, for their people. Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov was born in the village of Mishaninsky Kurostrovsky volost of the Dvinsky district of the Arkhangelsk province a few kilometers from the city of Kholmogora in the family of peasants-Pomorov Vasily Dorofeevich and Elena Ivanovna Lomonosovs.

Now several villages merged into the village of Lomonosovo, and the city of Kholmogory became the district center of the Arkhangelsk region. The grandfather of the future scientist, Dorofei Leontyevich, his father, Vasily Dorofeevich, many relatives, like most of the peasants-abomers, were engaged in tuning, but their main thing was fishing and St. John's wort.

The Lomonosov family had average prosperity. Vasily Dorofeevich was a smart, strong -willed and entrepreneurial person. The first years of his life, Mikhail was in the care of his mother. Information about the early years of his life has not been preserved. But it is known that in Pomeranian families, children were brought up in great severity, in reverence for the elders. Pomors from an early age developed in children dexterity, strength, endurance - qualities that were necessary in a future life.

When Mikhail was nine years old, his mother died. Later, Vasily Dorofeevich married again, but the new wife Irina Semenovna disliked the stepson. Young Lomonosov remembered this "evil and envious stepmother." From the age of ten, Mikhail began to help his father. In early spring, they went to fishing and returned home in late autumn. They went both to distant voyages - to the Arctic Ocean - to the New Earth and Spitsbergen, and to the nearby - to the Solovetsky Islands.

Difficult sea transitions physically tempered Michael, developed his mind and observation, enriched with various information. He studied the seafarer, got acquainted with the fishing of the sea beast, watched ebbs and tides, storms in the ocean, polar ice, northern lights. He was interested in both whaling fishing and salvar. An inquisitive young man got acquainted with the life and customs of the Nenets, Lopar, Komi-Syrian.

At the eleventh or twenty years, young Lomonosov quickly mastered the letter. Soon he could already rewrite church books, and in the church he read for the parishioners “Psalter” and “The Lives of the Saints”. In the village he was considered the best reader. At fourteen, young Pomor wrote competently and clearly. The villagers turned to a young letter with a request to write this or that paper.

Lomonosov’s autographs have been preserved, in which there is not a single spelling error, although the handwriting has not acquired yet firmness. Mikhail met with ackn - -by literature for the first time in the house of Christopher Dudin, the son of a Kholmogorsk priest. Books were very interested in Mikhail. He often turned to Dudin with a request to give them home for at least a few days.

But the books at that time were too expensive, and the owner did not agree to give them even for a short time. Only after his death, Michael received the property of these treasures. He did not part with them for many years, learned by heart. Mikhail’s fascination with reading books caused dissatisfaction and reproaches of the stepmother. Considering this as an empty and useless thing, she constantly tried to bring her father's wrath to the young man.

There was a heavy atmosphere in the house. With the help of fellow countrymen, he received a passport, took three rubles of money from a neighbor Foma Shubny and in December, secretly leaving his parental house, went with a fish convoy to the capital; M. Lomonosov then was nineteen years old. Three weeks later, the future scientist arrived in Moscow. At first, Mikhail wanted to start his education with a mathematical and navigation school.

Here they studied literacy, arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, navigation and astronomy. But Lomonosov needed the Latin language, since only all scientific works were written on it. In January, Mikhail filed a petition for enrolling him at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, a higher spiritual educational institution that prepared ministers of the church and public servants.

It was here that one could perfectly study the Latin language.Lomonosov had to hide the peasant origin and impersonate the son of the Kholmogorsky nobleman, since the peasants did not accept the peasants at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. The thirst for knowledge of young Pomor was amazing. Within one year, Lomonosov went through three classes of the Academy, learned to read and write in Latin, studied Slavic grammar, the beginning of history, geography and arithmetic.

He read the annals, theological, philosophical and mathematical books, was fond of Latin and Russian poetry. Despite the mockery of the students, they were amused by a high growth and a solid age - “what a blank came to study”, Lomonosov achieved great success in a short time and became the first in all subjects. This was helped by his abilities, hard work and extraordinary perseverance, which the schoolchildren had little salary of the schoolchildren and was paid irregularly, nor a huge training load.

Lomonosov studied at the Slavic-Greco-Latin Academy for five years. In November, the rector of the academy received an order to send the 20 most capable students for further training at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. After a thorough verification of the pupils, it was selected only from January 1, Mikhailo Lomonosov became a student. In a new educational institution, he began to study mathematics, experimental physics, chemistry, mineralogy.

He independently began the theory of versification. Here, in St. Petersburg, Lomonosov was able to see the latest instruments and tools for conducting research, in an academic bookstore he met new books and magazines. Lomonosov’s stay at the Academy of Sciences was short -lived. In September, with a group of the most talented students, he was sent to teach mining in Germany: at the University of Marburg, Michael listens to lectures on theoretical chemistry of Professor Yu.

Duisig, and then lectures on mechanics, hydrostatics, theoretical physics, logic, aerometry, and the hydraulics of Professor H., along with the study of the German language since May, Lomonosov began to take the French lessons, drawing, dancing and fencing. In his letters to St. Petersburg, Wolf noted the success of the Russians in training, especially highlighting the achievements of Lomonosov.

In the fall of the year, Lomonosov writes his first student work in physics - “On the transformation of a solid body into liquid, depending on the movement of the pre -social fluid”, which was sent to St. Petersburg and received a positive assessment of academics. By the beginning of the year, Russian students completed training in Marburg and in the summer of the same year were sent by order from St.

Petersburg to the city of Freiberg to the physics of Genkel, a famous specialist in mining. In Freiberg, Lomonosov, in addition to mining, metallurgical and chemistry, was carried away by the study of Russian poem. In the fall of the year, having learned about the victory of the Russian troops over Turkey, he creates a large literary work - “Odu for the capture of Khotin”, which has made a coup in Russian poetry.

He later wrote the scientific treatise “A letter about the rules of Russian poem”, where ideas about the reform of Russian versification were set out. From May to October, he traveled around Germany, trying to return to his homeland in any way. Lomonosov receives an official permission to return to Russia. In the summer of the same year, he arrives at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

With the advent of Lomonosov, a new period in the development of Russian science began at the St. Petersburg Academy. One of the first works of Lomonosov was the compilation of a mineralogical catalog. He continues to engage in physics and chemistry, writes Odes, translates from German to Russian scientific articles. In January, Lomonosov receives the title of adjunct, which was awarded to students who showed their ability to scientific work.

He becomes a member of the Academic Assembly. The young adjunct chose chemistry. Immediately after receiving this title, Lomonosov is developing a project of a chemical laboratory, which the leaders of the Academy are ignored. In the year, Lomonosov begins to give lectures on physics, is engaged in translated works on astronomy. Without his own laboratory, he conducts chemical experiments in the physical office of the Academy, and in the summer he observes thunderstorm phenomena in nature.

By the beginning of the year, Lomonosov became known as a specialist in responsible analytical research.

At the Academic Assembly, he presents the dissertation “On Metal Shine”, which receives good reviews. In the summer of the year, it becomes a professor of chemistry. Since the end of the 10ths, Lomonosov has begun in serious occupations of Russian history. Soon he was already working on Russian history. In March, M. Lomonosov was awarded the rank of college adviser for achievements in science.

Thus, he received the right to hereditary nobility. The bright page in the biography of Lomonosov is represented by his pedagogical activity. He began it in the year, after receiving the title of adjunct and continued for 20 years. Along with scientific research, Lomonosov was engaged in the training of young people in chemistry, physics, “natural and mineral history”, and physical geography.Since there were no textbooks for these disciplines in Russian, he took up the development of textbooks.

In the year, M. Lomonosov wrote “a brief leadership for rhetoric, for the benefit of fans of sweetness composed”, and “morning thought about God's majesty”, “evening reflection on the God of Majesty on occasion of the great northern lights”. In August, he participated in a poetic competition with A. Sumarokov and V.