Anaharsis biography
So, it is known about anaharsis that for about a year he visited Athens about his nephew - the king of Idanfirs is known that he was one of the three military leaders during the war with Daria Herodot IV, on the basis of this date, one can roughly evaluate the time when Idanfirs were born, and for what years his reign was. From the story of Herodotus about the Scythian-Persian war of IV, a well-defined image of the military leader of the Scythians, the king of Idanfirs, looms.
His wise, suspended and at the same time the energetic measures taken by him in the most critical moments of the war characterize him more likely as a husband of active and wise with experience than as an ardent young man or cautious in his actions of a gray -bearded old man. I think that we will not be much mistaken if we assume that in the year Idanfire was about 50 years old.
It turns out that he was born around the year. From the fact that the son of Idanfirs was born around Tsar Savliya about the year, we can conclude that Savli was younger than anaharsis, otherwise we would have to assume that he had produced his son while at seventy years. Historians believe that Idanfirs was the last representative of the tsarist dynasty, founded by Spargapif Vinogradov, suggested that the founder of the new dynasty was the Argot, from whom the power passed to Ariapifa, indicating the absence of evidence confirming the kinship of the Ariapifa and Idanfire, the historian rightly noted that if the heroodot had evidence of the kinship of these two kings, and he could well To receive such evidence from Timn, in this case, Herodotus would never “miss the seductive opportunity to connect the pricer ties of the prince Anacharsis and Tsar Skil” who was the reign of Argot for a period, from GO to the X.
It was at this time that the 64 ring was made, which was first owned by the Argot, and then his grandson Skil. It is known about the king of Ariapifa that he had three sons, consolidated brothers: a skill from a marriage with a Greek from the city of Istra, an octamasad from a marriage with the daughter of a Thracian king and Orik, born from Skifyanka Opera. According to Yu. Vinogradov 65, the reign time of Ariapifa can be deducted approximately - for years.
The same author indicated a year as the most likely date of the death of this king by the hand of the king of Agafirs Spargapifa Alekseev 67 believed that Ariapifa died between and years. Numismatists are known to the coins of King Skil, minted in Nicony. Karyshkovsky 68 believed that these coins were released in years. From the Scythian story of Herodotus it follows that King Skil was killed by his brother Oktomasad shortly before the historian arrived in the Northern Black Sea region approx.
Vinogradova 69 This murder occurred in the year. The year of the death of Skil can also be tied to the period of the reign of the cores of Sitalka - years, uncle skille on the maternal line. According to the calculations of Yu. Alekseev 70, the Oktomasad was born in the year. His mother was the Odris princess, the daughter of Tsar Teresa died in a year. Dovatur 71 gives evidence that the marriage of Ariapifa and the daughter of Teres and the subsequent birth of the octomasad could take place about a year.
Alekseev 72 believes that Oktomasad conspired against his packed brother Skil and ordered him to be killed around the middle of the 5th century BC. This author suggests that the reign of the Oktomasad lasted long enough, until the beginning of the 4th century BC. Orik, apparently, was the youngest of the sons of Ariapifa. Khazanov believed that in the historical period, the tsarist power among the Scythians passed from his father to his eldest son it is quite possible that it was Orik that produced coins in Olbia with the inscription Aricov, dating from for years.
It is known about the Scythian Tsar atei that he was killed by the summer old man, during the war with the Macedonian king Philip, from the given excursion into the history of the Scythian royal house, it is clear that it is difficult to restore the life of the Scythian sage of Anacharsis on the basis of the chronology of the life of his direct relatives. It is clear that we appreciated this age of Idanfirs very closely.
And the date of the campaign of Daria in Scythia can also be reliable. In different sources, years are also mentioned. However, despite the inaccuracy of the above chronology, several useful conclusions can be drawn on its basis. Conclusion 1: If you follow the description of Herodotus, the territory controlled by the Scythians, in the first approximation, was a square with a side of about km.
The southern side of this “square” passed along the coast of Pontus of Evksinsky from the mouth of Istra to the mouth of Tanais. However, you can notice 75 that the ARENTIONAL POLITICAL and Economic Activity of the Scythian Tsars of Spargapif, Lika, Gnura, Saulia, Idanfirs, and then Argot, Ariapifa, Skil, Okomasada and Orika, was essentially only the north-west-fashioned Black Sea region of the Astra and Borissfena, and not the entire territory of Scythia, as it described it, as it described it.
Herodotus. Tsar Atya advanced the zone of his interests even further southwest of the Istr River, to Dobruj.Here is how written sources outline the geographical region, within which the most significant events took place in the life of the above -mentioned kings: - King Savli, who killed his brother, lived near the forested area of Giley, near the mouth of Borisphen IV, 76; - Tsar Ariapif fought with agafirs living in the interfluve of Tiras and Hipanis and was killed by their king Spargapif; - The mother of Skila was a woman from the Greek city of Istria, located at the mouth of Istra-Dunay; - Tsar Skil spent a lot of time in Olbia, he even built himself a palace in Olbia and took a local native to his wife; - When Skil found out that Oktomasad intends to kill him, he fled to Thrace; On the border of Scythia with Thrace, he died; - the gold ring belonging to the king of the skilled was discovered in the area of Istria; - King Skil minted his money in Niconia, and Orik Aricov in Olbia; - All the military activities of King Athee were associated with the nation, at the end of his life he transferred military operations for Istra, to Dobruj.
Thus, the power of the royal dynasty, founded by Spargapif and continued by Argot and Ariapif, did not apply to the territory from Borissfen to Tanais. Many authors who wrote about the Scythians were inclined to believe that the entire territory, behind which Herodotus secured the name Scythia, was controlled from a single center, and represented a certain politically unified prone state.
However, if you keep in mind the royal dynasty of Spargapif - Argot - Ariapif, then you cannot find a single historical fact that would testify to the spread of the political influence of this dynasty on the territory east of Borisphen. However, apparently, there was still a certain tradition or a certain mechanism, with the help of which, in certain critical situations, the whole Scythia was united under the rule of a single political center.
An example of the action of such a mechanism is found in the same Herodotus. Here is what he writes about the Scythian reaction to the news of the invasion of the Persian army in their country: “Scythians, having realized that they were not able to repel the army of Darius in open battle, began to send messengers to the neighbors. And then their kings, gathered together, began to confer, since the army was approaching a huge ”IV, the very fact of the address of the Scythians to neighboring nations and the nature of the answer of their kings testify, firstly, about the peaceful relations of the Scythians and their neighbors, and secondly, about the independence of these tribes.
From the "Scythian story" of Herodotus, we know that as a result of a meeting of the kings, a coalition was formed in the Scythians, Budinov, Gelonov and Savromatov. The united army was headed by three kings - Idanfirs, Skopasis and Taxakis. Thus, a meeting of independent kings, convened for the resolution of crisis situations, was the same political center around which the entire territory of Scythia was united as Herodotus described it to solve vital issues.
At a time when the ancient kingdoms collapsed in front of Asia, new powers arose and disappeared from the face of the city of the city, in the interfluve of Istra and Borissfen, a relatively peaceful life continued. Around the time when the very name of the Scythians was terrified by the inhabitants of Asia, the great-grandfather of Anakharsis Spargapif won new lands in the northwestern Black Sea region.
The Scythians who came from the Caucasus, the inhabitants of Asia called the “disaster from the north”, the “great people of the country of the North” the name of their leader Ishpakaki was mentioned in the annals of the Assyrian king Asarhaddon, who ruled Assyria in the years of Ishpakai, was killed by his heir to the part -time of Assyria and took the Assyrian Tsarevna after death after death Partartu in the year Scythians headed Madia.
In his reign, events in Asia Minor began to develop even more rapidly and dramatic. Madia, continuing the policy of his predecessor, defeated the Cimmerians in alliance with the Assyrians. Based on the military support of the Scythians, Assyria was able to extend her existence for another quarter century. And at the same time, far from Asia in the northwestern corner of the Black Sea region, the grandfather of Anaharsis Lick replaced King Spargapif.
By the year, anti -Assyrian sentiments in front of Asia have grown into the open military operations of Babylon and Media against the Assyrians. By that time, an energetic kiaksar had come to power in the Media power gaining power, he besieged the Assyrian capital Nineveh in the year. The Scythians of Madia, loyal to allied duty, defended Ninevia, defeating the kiaksar, and then devastated Media.
Despite the support of powerful Scythians, Assyria days were numbered. In the year BC. Madia unexpectedly went over to the side of the Babylon-Median coalition, and the alignment of forces in the region immediately changed dramatically. The Medes, now in alliance with the Scythians, besieged Ninevia, after which Assyria - superpower Asia, ceased to exist and at about the same time far from these violent events, in the interfluve and Borissfen, the father of Anaharsis Gnur accepted the reins of government after the death of his father, Tsar Lika.
His son, Tsarevich Anaharsis, reached the age of fifteen.The military dominance of the Scythians in Asia Minor was undermined as a result of the betrayal of the Kiaksar, who, inviting the most noble Scythian leaders and military leaders to the feast, watered them specially prepared wine and ordered them to kill them. Artamonov believed that this event occurred about 82 years, that is, at about the time when the anaharsis went to Athens.
If the names of the Scythian rulers of Ishpakaki, partatato and Madia went down in history in connection with their participation in the then great politics, then the names of Spargapif, Lika and Gnura are preserved only thanks to their kinship with the famous sage. Conclusion 3: Relatives of anaharsis did not belong to the so -called royal Scythians. In the first quarter of the 5th century BC.
It turns out that the famous war of the Scythians with the Persian king Daria passed without the participation of the royal Scythians. At this time, throughout the territory of the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Pontus, an archaeologically attributed strengthening of the military pressure of nomads on the agricultural population was excluded that it was the redistribution of the zones of influence between various Scythian groups, caused by the intervention of the royal Scythians, contributed to the coming to power in the north-west part of the new dynasty of the Scythian kings, headed Argot, whose case was continued by the no less warlike Ariapif.
Herodotus visited Scythia years after the appearance of the royal Scythians there. According to the land description IV, 20, the main nomads of the royal Scythians, which he compiled at that time were located at that time in the eastern part of the European Scythia. There is every reason to assume that neither Argot nor Ariapif, during the reign of which the royal Scythians appeared in the Black Sea steppes, did not belong to the royal Scythians.
The field of military-political activity of these kings was limited by the North-Western Black Sea region. Ariapif and his son Skil were frank ellinophiles, which should not have been observed among the nomads who recently appeared in European Scythia. Ariapif married a Greek from Istria, he had a representative in Olbia. Skil spoke freely in Greek, contained a palace in Olbia, was married to a local Greek, took part in the Greek religious mysteries.
The reign of the united dynasty of Spargapif and Ariapifa, including the reign of Atheus, is more than the years. Thanks to the testimony of Herodotus, we know about the presence of the Scythians of the North-Western Black Sea region of the stable tsarist power, which controls the population of the interfluve of Istra and Borissfen for three centuries. For comparison, it can be noted that the Romanovs ruled Russia also a little more than years.
Whether anaharsis was an anahar of the cloister, let's once again recover the story of Herodotus about the death of the Scythian prince: “Anaharsis, after he visited many lands and perceived a lot of wise in each of them, returned to the place of Scythians. Swiming through Gellespont, he arrives at Kizik and finds the Kizikans very magnificently celebrating the celebration of the Mother of the Gods.
Anaharsis brought a vow to his mother: if he returned to himself with sensible and unharmed, he will make sacrifices in the same way as he saw this with Kizikins and establish a night festival ”IV, note that a magnificent holiday in the city of Kizika, about which Herodotus writes, in no case should not be confused with a religious event called mystery. As you know, in Kizik, at the time when the famous Scythian visited him, the orgiastic cult of the goddess of Kibela, the famous Greeks under the name of the great mother or mother of the gods Herodot IV, wrote that “the orgiastic cult of the great mother was at the same time and mystical, that is, the participation in it was determined by preliminary dedication; This brought him closer, on the one hand, with the Eleusian, on the other hand - with dionesic "