Biography of the architect Charushin

Ivan Charushin. Biography in detail. On the eve of this anniversary, we offer to get acquainted with the biography of the hero of the day, drawing attention to the facts and details that seemed the most interesting. The birth of Ivan Charushin was born in the county city of Orlov on February 24 - on the day when the church recalls the first and second acquisition of the head of the prophet, the forerunner and the baptist of the Lord John, and was named after his heavenly patron.

It is noteworthy that later, when Ivan Apollonovich became a provincial architect and was looking for a house for his family in Vyatka, he settled in the estate on Pyatnitskaya Street, 15 windows, whose windows overlook the ancient Church of John the Forerunner. A few years later, according to his project, this temple was rebuilt - the height of the central nave was increased, which made it possible to arrange windows decorated with beautiful stone kokoshniks, which gave the building a more modern and elegant look.

The father’s house in Orlov, in which the charushins lived, has survived to this day. Finding it is easy. It is located in the very center of the city, at the intersection of Lenin and Zonov streets. Today, opposite it is the Orlovo-Vyatka Agricultural College. However, the old-timers remember that once it was different-in this place was the Spaso-Orlovsky Monastery, closed by the Soviet government, after which part of the monastery buildings was adapted for the needs of the college.

Therefore, in the childhood of an architect of the window of the parental house, they went to temples, dome, crosses and bell tower, which even today, in a dilapidated state, amazes with its grandeur and beauty. On the holidays and weekends under the walls of the monastery, the main city fair was seething. In the fifth week in Easter, as well as at the end of August, pilgrims flowed into the monastery from all over the county to bow to the local shrine - the miraculous image of Christ the Savior and take part in the procession to the chapel seven miles from Orlov, where this image was gained.

The family is obvious that all this could not but influence the Charushin family, in which there were eight children - five boys and three girls. Despite the fact that, according to the memoirs of the older brother of Nikolai, the head of the family Apollo Ivanovich did not show "special commitment to the church." Not because he was a free -thought, but because, having neither capital nor noble origin, he was forced to focus on the affairs of the service and, with his zeal, achieved considerable.

Starting to work in the district administration in the rank of clergyman, Apollo Ivanovich, eventually rose to the rank of court adviser and the title of a nobleman. In connection with her husband’s employment, most of the worries about the economy and children fell on the shoulders of the mother of Ekaterina Lvovna. Moreover, the house in which Charushins lived once belonged to her father-once a noble, but impoverished merchant Lev Larionovich Yuferv.

Ekaterina Lvovna still found the days when a large society gathered on holidays and other solemn days in this house, poems and songs sounded, dances and masquerade evenings were arranged, which the children especially liked. Subsequently, following the example of the parental house, the Charushin estate on 15 Pyatnitskaya Street, in which representatives of the Vasnetsov family, photographer Sergey Lobovikov, artist Nikolai Khokhryakov and other famous citizens were frequent guests, became the same center of the cultural life of Vyatka.

Enjoyment and faith, unfortunately, the happy and carefree childhood did not last long. In December, Apollo Ivanovich died suddenly. Ivan was the youngest of the brothers, he was the fifth year. The situation of the family became desperate. Fortunately, Uncle Ivan Lvovich Yuferv came to the rescue, thanks to whom the family did not have to starve, and the children were able to continue their education.

The hardness of the hard work and hot faith of Mother Ekaterina Lvovna, who, according to the testimony of the older brother of Nicholas, “was very religious, regularly visited all church services, observed posts and tried to follow her example,” according to the testimony of her example. ” The impressions of childhood were so bright that they did not bother with memory to a very old age.

In the year, N. Charushin recalled: “From the same children's period of my life, two rather distant trips with my mother were especially captured in my memory. One of them on the pilgrimage to the “Great River”, 45 miles from Orlov, by the time of the spring arrival of the icon of Nikolai the Wonderworker, honored by the Vyatka population and gathering by this time to the Great River of the Blessers almost from the entire Vyatka province to the present.

A beautiful area, a wonderful river, a chapel on a high, steep and wooded shore, overflowing with a people, not accommodating from those foot and horse pilgrims who arrived here so that a miraculous icon in this chapel - to serve a prayer service. The noise and the homon of a thousands of thousands awaiting its turn, and then the fair, also crowded with the people - all this unusual spectacle could not but act on children's imagination.

”Obviously, all this could not but influence the character and interests of the future architect, which until the end of his days retained love for the small homeland. It is no coincidence that Ivan Apollonovich considered his best creation “castle”, elevated by order of his senior comrade and fellow countryman - the merchant and steamer Tikhon Filippovich Bulychev, who once served the vowel of the city Duma and the head of the city of Orlov.

There is no doubt that the bitter fate of Bulychev after the revolution could not help but touch the heart of the architect. As well as the news that in the fall of the year, in the days of Red Terror, the governor of the Spassky monastery, Abbot, Martinian Ershov, was shot in Orlov. In total, 30 people were killed on those tragic September days, including priests Mikhail Tikhonitsky and Veniamin Senilov, who served in the Kazan Cathedral of the monastery.

Obviously, Ivan Apollonovich and relatives could not know about it and not empathize with their martyrdom. The older brother is known that not only parents, but also older brothers and sisters, whom the younger are trying to imitate, are often an example in a large family. In this regard, one cannot but say about the older brother of the architect Nikolai Apollonovich Charushin, who lived a long and full of many events and could not but have an influence on his younger brother.

Nikolai left his father early early. When the boy was ten years old, his father took him to Vyatka to enter the gymnasium, in which he first met the works of Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov. In the year, the young man came to Petersburg and entered the Technological Institute. Here, his fascination with the ideas of populism is even more strengthened. Nikolai entered the Secret Society of Tchaikovites, in which he converged with prominent revolutionaries S.

Pearing and Prince P. further in the year followed the arrest and four years of imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress, where Nikolai Charushin married A. Kuvshinskaya, who became his faithful ally in the prison church on February 12. Three months later, at the “process x” he was sentenced to 9 years in hard labor, along which he fell ill with typhus, but survived.

In the year, together with his wife and daughter, N. Carushin went to the settlement and moved to Nerchinsk, where he became interested in teaching children and photography. He traveled a significant part of Siberia, visited Mongolia. Finally, in the year, after seventeen years of hard labor and links, he received permission to return to Vyatka. It is noteworthy that in the same year his younger brother Ivan took office as a provincial architect, which the hard labor of his older brother was surprisingly not prevented.

In Vyatka, N. Charushin actively joined the work of the local zemstvo. Organized the Vyatka Democratic Union. He participated in the creation of the All -Russian Peasant Union. He published the newspapers "Vyatka Life", "Vyatka Territory" and "Vyatka speech". After the October Revolution of the year, he became part of the Council of the Supreme Administration of the province, which announced the non -recognition of the power of the Bolsheviks and the creation of an independent Vyatka republic.

He was arrested and convicted, however, in the absence of the corpus delicti, the case was terminated. Soon he was arrested again, and again released. After that, the summer populist finally moved away from the political struggle, went to work in a public library and sat down for memories, in which he described his life in detail, which has so many events. N. Charushin died on March 6, a few months before the beginning of the “big terror”, which with such ruthlessness went throughout the country, including Vyatka.

It is unlikely that we are mistaken, assuming that the authority of the old Narodnik, who took the path of struggle with the autocracy in those years when Lenin himself went under the table on foot, helped his younger brother survive the inconsistency of the revolutionary years and not get lost in new Soviet life. Did Ivan Apollonovich share the eyes and hopes of his older brother in Sakhalin?

This question is still waiting for its researcher. However, it is known that, having graduated from the gold medal, the architectural class of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, the young architect did not stay in the capital, but went to the distant Sakhalin. Like the populists who went to the villages and villages to enlighten the peasants. At that time, there was not a single stone building on Sakhalin, all buildings, including churches, coal mines and prisons, were wooden.

Since the beginning of the 10ths, the government has sought to turn the island into the center of hard labor for the most dangerous criminals, including revolutionaries. Therefore, among prisoners, one could often meet people in shackles chained to a car with which they did not part even at night. There were not enough specialists. Most of the work, the young architect engineer had to perform himself, without assistants, and there were many work-up to 50 projects per year, that is, every week had to prepare a new project.

Including the project of the first brick factory, which subsequently significantly influenced the development of the island. At the same time, on the affairs of the service, Ivan Apollonovich had to go on long business trips, visit Japan and China.It is noteworthy that in the same year Sakhalin was visited by another outstanding contemporary - Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

The writer’s path through Siberia took 82 days. Chekhov arrived on Sakhalin on July 11 and stayed on the island until October 13, inclusive. To collect the material for the future book, the writer traveled around the whole island and conducted a peculiar census - filled more than ten thousand questionnaires printed in the printing house under the police department. As for free people, Chekhov entered the data about them to the census only if they were directly involved in the exile farm.

For example, they were married to him. Therefore, in the questionnaires collected by Chekhov, we will not meet either the name of I. Charushin, or the name of Maria Alekseevna Feldman, a young and educated girl, who in the year became the wife of Ivan Apollonovich. In July, their daughter Catherine was born. Typically, Maria Feldman is called the daughter of a "Sakhalin employee." What exactly he was doing, the biographers of Charushin, as a rule, are not mentioned.

Meanwhile, it is known that in those years, the head of the prison in the village of Due was Alexei Stepanovich Fedem, who also met with Chekhov and left memories of this meeting. His son Sergey Alekseevich Feldman was headed by the Lieutenant's rank by the district police department in Korsakov. It was at him that the writer stopped, traveling along South Sakhalin.

If this assumption is true, and Maria Alekseevna, indeed, was the daughter of a Duyskaya prison, then it was appropriate to ask whether it was easy for Ivan Apollonovich, having a convict brother, to decide to make her an offer? However, perhaps he did not attach great importance to this, realizing that "a person painted a place, but a person - a place." Unfortunately, family happiness was short -lived.

Soon, the young wife fell ill with tuberculosis and died. After that, Ivan Apollonovich decided to leave Sakhalin and returned to the Vyatka province with his daughter in his arms. The provincial architect shortly after returning from Sakhalin I.