Biography of the virusologist Chumakov

Tombstone Monument Mikhail Petrovich - Soviet virologist, founder of a scientific school, doctor of medical sciences, professor, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Born on November 1 on November 14 in the village of Ivanovka, now the Oryol region. In the year he graduated from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute, worked as a bacteriologist at the Vaccino-Summer Laboratory of the Military Sanitary Administration of the Red Army.

In years, a graduate student of the Moscow Research Institute of Microbiology. At the end of graduate school, he defended his thesis on the role of the reticulondothelial system in infection and immunity. In the year, as part of an expedition led by L. Zilber, he participated in the study of the etiology of an unknown illness at that time - tick -borne encephalitis in the Far East.

The result of the expedition was the release of the virus - the pathogen of this disease. Chumakov established the path of transmitting the disease through tick bites, developed methods for diagnosing and combating this disease, but he himself became infected with this disease, the consequences of which the paralysis of the hands, deafness remained for life.

Gorky, continued to study tick -borne encephalitis. In the year, on the basis of studies conducted by M. Chumakov, the existence of foci of tick -borne encephalitis outside the Far East was proved. Chumakov presented virological, clinical and epidemiological evidence of the wide geographical spread of this disease. The results of his work were highly appreciated.

In the year, he organized a laboratory for the study of tick -borne encephalitis at VIEM and headed it.

He managed to create and apply therapeutic serum against tick -borne encephalitis. In the year, he defended the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences on the theme of "tick -borne encephalitis in a person." In the summer of the year, he headed an expedition to Crimea to study the Crimean hemorrhagic fever. He established the viral origin of the disease and the tickish path of transmission of the steppe tick.

Subsequently, M. Chumakov identified and studied the viruses of the Omsk hemorrhagic fever and Kemerovo fever, proposed a classification of hemorrhagic fever. In the year, he was appointed director of the D. virology Institute of Virology A department of viral neuroinfections was transferred to this institute from the Institute of Neurology of the Academy of Medical Sciences, transformed into a polio laboratory and endemic fever.

In the year, M. Chumakov created at the Institute an experimental production department for the release of vaccines against poliomyelitis, tick-borne encephalitis, rabies, measles and other viral infections developed at the Institute. The scientist was the initiator of the production of a living polio vaccine, which was supplied to many countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America.

In the year, the institute launched mass immunization with the vaccine of the entire child population in the USSR aged 2 months to 2 years. The widespread use of this vaccine has led to the elimination of flashes of polio in the USSR and a number of other countries. Chumakov was awarded the Lenin Prize for the development and implementation of a living polio vaccine.

In the years, under his leadership, technology was developed and large -scale production of the tick -borne encephalitis vaccine was established, and in years the mass production of a live vaccine against measles was established, which was vaccinated about 9 million children, which led to a sharp reduction in the incidence of this main childhood disease in the USSR for 3 years, the incidence decreased by 6 times.

Under the leadership of M. Chumakov, a technology for the production of preventive vaccines against hemorrhagic fever, vaccines against influenza was also developed. Since the year, he worked at the Institute of Polio and Viral Encephalitis by the Deputy Director, and from the year - the head of the department of hemorrhagic fever. Over scientific papers belong to the scientist, including 7 monographs on the problems of microbiology, virology, epidemiology, immunobiology, industrial technology of vaccines and other drugs.

The author of 10 inventions, 6 patents, 19 technological regulations and instructions for the production and use of vaccines, M. Chumakov is the creator of the Great Scientific School of Virusologists. Chumakov is a member of the board of the All -Union Scientific Society of Epidemiologists, Microbiologists and Parasitologists, Honorary Doctor of Leipzig University of the GDR, a full member of the German Academy of Natural Sciences “Leopoldin” of the GDR, Honorary Academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Honorary Member of the Scientific Medical Societies of Bulgaria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

He lived and worked in the city of Gero Moscow. He died on June 11. He was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow. The laureate of the Lenin Prize, Stalin Prize was awarded Lenin's Orders