Chekhov in Yalta Biography

Russia, Crimea, Yalta, st. Fortunately, the cottage was preserved by opening a museum in it, where people come daily to get to know the work of the great Russian writer, with the life of the pre -revolutionary intelligentsia. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born in the year in Taganrog. Despite the fascination with literature and theater, after graduating from the gymnasium, he came to Moscow University to study at a doctor, now this is the first MGMU named after I.

already in the first year of Chekhov began to print his stories, comers and feuilletons in Moscow and St. Petersburg newspapers, weekly, humorous magazines. As he grew up, his stories became more serious; In search of impressions, he began to travel to the Crimea, the Caucasus, Sakhalin, Ceylon, Constantinople, etc. Each of the trips gave Chekhov themes for new works, rich material for future creativity.

In parallel with writing, Chekhov is engaged in medical practice, which is also reflected in many of his stories. But literary recognition came, and Chekhov had no time for healing. Perhaps the world would not have recognized the doctor of Chekhov if he had completely surrendered to medicine, but Chekhov, who became a great playwright and writer, is known and read in all countries.

The history of the acquisition of a summer residence in Yalta, The final verdict was made - consumption, or pulmonary tuberculosis. And in the century before last, and today the best way to treat tuberculosis and restoration of health for lung diseases is climate change, moving to the southern region.

Chekhov, as a doctor, knew this himself, therefore, from the parental estate near Moscow, Melikhovo began to make long trips to the Crimea, to the Caucasus, to Nice. For the first time in Yalta, Chekhov visited the road, heading for Feodosia. A year later, he came here purposefully, stopping in private boarding houses, in hotels, at the dachas of his friends Bushev, Ivanov, Ilovayskaya.

In his letters, Anton Pavlovich admitted that the climate of Yalta is better and more favorable for treatment than the climate of the Caucasian mineral resorts and the very popular Nice at that time. In addition, he began to weigh foreign trips, far from Russia, he felt uncomfortable. Crimea Anton Chekhov completely lured. After the death of his father, in the year, Chekhov sold the estate of Melikhovo and bought a plot of land on the outskirts of Yalta, in the village of Autka for the proceeds.

In the year, the outlet was renamed Chekhovo, and from the year the village is already part of the overgrown city of Yalta. The writer’s sister, Maria Pavlovna Chekhova, was impressed with beautiful views of the mountains and the sea, on ships and Yalta herself. But she was originally disappointed by the area surrounding the site, because there was a valid cemetery nearby, an old vineyard behind the wattle fence, little vegetation, and a decent distance had to go to the sea.

But Chekhov simply had no money for the site, in the city center, in the city center. In order to pay for the construction of the Crimean house under the project of architect Shapovalov, Anton Pavlovich was forced to sell the right to publish his works to the publisher A. The transaction for the publisher was winning, but for Chekhov - a predatory one. The house, in his opinion, was small due to economic reasons, since the source of construction financing was not clear during design.

If the transaction with Shapovalov had happened to the design of the house, then it could be designed and built more spacious. In the fall of the year, at the end of the construction site, the mother and sister of the writer Yevgeny Yakovlevna and Maria Pavlovna came to the new house from Moscow. They lived with Chekhov until his death in the year. The wife of Anton Pavlovich, Moscow actress Olga Knipper, came here to rest.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov died on July 2 was buried in Moscow, next to his father. Chekhov bequeathed his cottage to his sister, as well as the income from his plays. After the death of her brother, Maria Pavlovna regularly kept a house with a garden, spending money on this for plays and personal savings. The Czech mother died in the year, was buried in Yalta.

The Crimean earthquake of the year hurt the house, but it was quickly restored. During the German occupation in Chekhov’s house, Major von Baak lived; Not a single exhibit was lost from the museum. Maria Pavlovna remained the caretaker of Chekhov’s house-museum until her death in G. buried her in Yalta, next to her mother. The life of Chekhov in Crimea during the construction of the Czech cottage in Crimea, the writer lived in the outbuilding and was engaged in the arrangement of the garden.

Anton Pavlovich loved nature, with pleasure he himself was engaged in planting plants both in Melikhov and here. On the slope of Mountain Yalta, he was especially pleased to engage in gardening, as he saw that out of nothing, a green, blooming garden grows on a stiff -colored rocky wasteland. For days he could bother in the garden, vaccinate fruit trees, cut roses, plant seeds and harvest.

Many outstanding and famous people of that time came to Chekhov’s house in Crimea. Since the house was painted white, it began to be called white cottages.Mother and sister were hospitably met by the writers of A. Gorky, D. Mamina - Sibiryaka, A. Kuprin, I. Bunin, N. was an artist I. Levitan, singer F. Chaliapin, pianist and composer S. Rachmaninov, academician A. The big circle of communication was with his doctors who were familiar both in the past studies and work with Yalta doctors who help in treatment.

All of them made a revival of the Chekhovs, and supported Anton Pavlovich in the last years of his life. If not for the struggle with the disease, then Chekhov in Crimea would be absolutely happy. He loved his white cottage very much, loved friends who come to him. Here he wrote many works. He adored Yalta, although he saw her shortcomings: neighboring luxury and poverty, the tsar’s departures with courtiers and dying people without treatment, expensive land under villas and a dirty port.

What works of Chekhov wrote in Crimea and themes for many of his works Anton Pavlovich found around him. Communicating with people, doctors, sick, writers, neighbors, merchants, he was fueled by the mood of people, their hopes, insults. Taking it on paper, he tried not to give the events of a personal assessment, he often described stories from the outside.

For several years of Crimean life, Anton Pavlovich wrote not a lot of works, as he was very sick. Crimea himself, Yalta in Chekhov in creativity is reflected very little. Even before the final resettlement to the Crimea, in the city of stories that Chekhov wrote in Crimea to the sunset of life, is very deep. For the Art Theater in the city