Rashid Alievich Syunyaev Biography

Academician Sunyaev Rashid Alievich - 80 years old! The works of R. Sunyaev cover a wide range of astrophysical problems - from physics of elementary processes in space objects to physical cosmology and astrophysics of high energies. A number of fundamental results are associated with his name, included in the textbooks and university courses on theoretical astrophysics and cosmology around the world.

Among them are the thermal and kinematic effects of Sunyaev-Zeldovich, “acoustic peaks” in the power spectrum of angular fluctuations of relict radiation and “baronic acoustic oscillations”, the formula Sunyaeva-Tittychuk of the componization spectrum, the standard theory of disk shreking of Shakura-Syunyaev. With the name R. Sunyaev carried out a scientific guide to the selection and development of equipment for these observatories, the choice of the parameters of their orbits and the determination of their observation programs.

In the year, R. Rashid Alievich Syunyaev was born on March 1 of the year in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in the family of natives of the Penza province-builder engineer Ali Sunyaev and pharmacist Saida Kildeeva. According to R. Syunyaev’s stories, his father, because of the origin and link of the family, could not get an education in his specialties that interested him, but he was engaged in self-education and was a person with encyclopedic knowledge.

Close communication with the father has greatly influenced the son of a schoolboy and instilled in a craving for books, and then for the desire to engage in science. Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. In the same year, he graduated from school with a medal and withstood entrance exams at the Moscow Physics and Technical Institute. From September, until March, R. in the year, he graduated with honors from the MIPT.

The head of his pre-diploma practice, the thesis, and then in the graduate school of MIFT was one of the largest Soviet theoretical physicists, three times the Hero of Socialist Labor Academician J. Zeldovich in March was a huge luck for student R. Synyaev, Yakov Borisovich was an excellent scientific director. Their close scientific cooperation continued until the death of Y.

Zeldovich in the year. In April, R. Syunyaev defended the candidate at Moscow State University at Moscow State University, and in the year - a doctoral dissertation. Since the year of R. in the spring of the year, academician R. Syunyaev was invited to lead the sector in this department. Since June, he has been working in iki for more than 48 years. Sunyaev created and led the department of astrophysics of high energies, which was leading in all successful Soviet and Russian projects in the field of X -ray astronomy.

From September G to March, R. in GG. Syunyaev - laureate of the Gruber Prize in Cosmology, Krafurd Award in astronomy and medals named after In the year he was elected Einstein professor of the Academy of Sciences of China. In honor of R. Sunyaeva, the asteroid Sunyaev is named. Sunyaeva was made near the links, the Hirsch index is equal in the year, he entered the list of twenty -two most cited researchers, annually compiled by Clarivate Analytics earlier than Thomson Reuters.

In the led by R. Sunyaev, 8 doctors of sciences grew up and defended the dissertations, two of them M. Gilfanov and E. Churazov became academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. Lutovinov-a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Juncts was a laureate of the President of Russia for young scientists. Many of them and from the postdrods who worked in the group of R.

The students of his students successfully defend the dissertations. Ioffe, R. A brief presentation of the scientific results of R. Sunyaev: Theoretical predictions made by Y. Zeldovich and R. Sunyaev in the years of the last century laid the foundations of modern observant cosmology of relict radiation and contributed to its transformation into accurate science.

To measure the power spectrum of the angular fluctuations of the brightness of the microwave space, in order to search for “acoustic peaks” and the search for clusions of the galaxies according to the effect of Sunyaev-Zeldovich SZ effect, the cosmological satellites of WMAP and Planck were launched, unique submilammas on the southern pole of the Earth and in the high-high deserts were built Atacama in Chile.

The sensitivity ranges of the HFI high-frequency tool on the Planck satellite were chosen to optimize the search for clusions of galaxies according to the SZ effect. Barionic acoustic oscillations are detected in the spatial distribution of galaxies in wide -angle - an area of ​​thousands of square degrees, heaven in the optical range, such as Slanovsky 0Bzor of the sky.

The effect of Sunyaev-Zeldovich from a beautiful theoretical idea, which was far beyond the threshold of the sensitivity of radiotelecopes at the end of the 20th century, turned into one of the most productive methods of observant cosmology of the XXI century, which opens the possibility of determining the main cosmological parameters, including determining the role of “dark energy” in the universe and direct measurement of constant habbl.

The Thomson scatteries of photons of microwaves on the hot electrons of intergalactic gas in the accumulations of galaxies lead to specific distortions of the relict radiation spectrum - for the observer in centimeter and millimeter ranges of the accumulation spectrum are “negative sources”, leaving their “shadows” on the map of the relict background.This opens up a unique opportunity to explore the growth of the large -scale structure of the Universe in the era of dark energy dominance.

In the coming decades, it is expected to find new submillimeter telescopes almost all massive accumulations of hot gas galaxies in the observed part of the Universe, competing with X -ray astronomy. Observations of relict radiation in the direction of galaxies accumulations also allow them to measure their pectolar speeds of movement relative to the background radiation on the kinematic SZ effect.

While the thermal effect is caused by the thermal motion of the electrons of the intergalactic gas, the kinematic effect of Syunyaev-Zeldovich describes the distortion of the brightness of relict radiation, caused by the effect of the doppler due to the beer movement of the accumulation of galaxies as a whole. It allows you to measure the pectolar rate of accumulation of galaxies with respect to the accumulation of the coordinate system, where relict radiation is isotropy.

Syunaev and Y. Zeldovich in the year predicted the existence of acoustic peaks in the power spectrum of corner fluctuations of the brightness of relict radiation. Along with the SZ effect, this discovery had a huge impact on the development of modern observation cosmology. The position and relative intensity of the first Doppler peaks is determined by the values ​​of the key parameters of the universe: constant habbla, baronic density and density of dark matter and energy in the universe.

R. Xunyaev paid a lot of attention to physical processes in the early universe - Kinetics of hydrogen recombination, the problem of thermalization of relict radiation and processes, leading to the deviations of its spectrum from Plankovsky. Together with Y. Zeldovich, they determined the position of the “black -binding photosphere” of our universe and the “surfaces of the last scattering” of relict photons, and together with Y.

Zeldovich and V. Kurt calculated the kinetics of hydrogen recombination in the early Universe, showing that this process is controlled by a two -photon decay of level 2s. In X, these studies were continued together with J. Khluboy, R. Khatri and others. In the year, Jens Hluba and R. Syunyaev calculated the radiation spectrum of the radiation from the era of recombination - this is thousands of times in the radio diophazon of UV and the optical lines of the atoms and hydrogen ions and helium.

Shakura and R. Sunyaev created a “standard” theory of discs on black holes and neutron stars G. The theory of accretions of Shakury-Syunyaeva has long become generally accepted when describing the transfer of substance and energy emission in close double systems, with an accretion to ultra-massive black holes and in protoplanetary discs. This year, the article is 50 years old by N.

Shakura and R. Syunyaev “Black holes in double systems. Observation manifestations ” - the most cited work of world theoretical astrophysics, who scored Boris Stern wrote in the“ Trinity version ”in the room out of this, it is very difficult to believe, but there are really many links to it. Accreting neutron stars and black holes are observed as powerful X -ray sources.

The main mechanism for the formation of spectra of their rigid radiation is the complination of low -frequency photons with their multiple Thomson disperses on high -temperature electrons. The Formula Sunyaev-Titarchuk became key in describing the results of observations of these objects. The accuracy of the formula was confirmed by detailed calculations made by Monte-Carlo Pozdnyakov, Sobol, Sobol, Syunaev, G.

In the years, N. Inogamov and R. Synyaev proposed an unexpected model of the border layer on the surface of the neutron star with a weak magnetic field and an accretion disk in bright low-mass X-ray systems. Slowing the rotation of the accretion stream from the Kepler speed at half the speed of light in the disk until the surface of the surface of the star leads to a powerful energy in the narrow layer and to the power of light pressure comparable to gravity.

A border layer is a layer of slow meridional spreading of a substance on the surface of the star, accompanied by the formation of two bright rings, equidistant from the plane of the disk. Together with M. Basco, Yu. Gnedin, A. Illarionov, Yu. Lyubarsky, V.