F Alferova biography

The author of more works and 50 breakthrough discoveries and developments, he laid the foundations of fundamentally new electronics. His discoveries determined the occurrence and progress of cell telephony and satellite communications, fiber -optic communication and LED lighting. All modern photonics, fast electronics, largely “solar energy” and effective energy conservation are based on their use.

They are used in headlights of cars and traffic lights, in the equipment of supermarkets - decoders of commodity labels - the list is endless. Almost every inhabitant of the planet every day uses scientific developments of Zhores Alferov. All mobile phones have heterostructural semiconductors created by him. Without “Alfierov Lazer”, compact dishes and discovers of modern computers would not have been impossible.

His works gained widest fame and worldwide recognition, entered textbooks and monographs. The scientist successfully combines research, pedagogical and educational work. One of the most important areas of his social activity is to increase the prestige of domestic fundamental science. In the world, academician is known as a Russian scientist, nevertheless, he is from Belarus.

The illustrated biography from the book “Who is Who is in Modern Russia” Zhores Ivanovich Alferov was born on March 15 in the city of Vitebsk. Father - Alfierov Ivan Karpovich. Mother - Alfierova Rosenbbum Anna Vladimirovna. Wife - Alfierova Dar Tamara Georgievna. Son - Alfierov Ivan Zhoresovich, chairman of the board of the Foundation for Support for Education and Science of the Alfierov Fund.

The father of the future scientist was born in the chalis, the mother came from the town of Krask now - the Logoi district of the Minsk Region of the Republic of Belarus. He worked as a loader in the port, a handbaging at an envelope factory, workers at the Lesner plant later “plant named after them. Karl Marx. " In the First World War rose to the non-commissioned officer, became the St.

George Cavalier. In September, he joined the Bolshevik party and remained faithful to the ideals chosen in his youth for life. This, in particular, is also evidenced by the words of Zhores Ivanovich himself: “I am happy that my parents have not survived until this time.” A year. In the Civil War, Ivan Alferov commanded the Cavalry Regiment of the Red Army, met with V. Lenin, L.

Trotsky, B. After the end of the industry in the year, he was the director of factories and the chief of the trusts: Stalingrad, Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Syasstroy near Leningrad, Turinsk Sverdlovsk Region, the war years, Minsk after the war. Ivan Karpovich was characterized by internal decency and intolerance to the cereal condemnation of people. His wife, Anna Vladimirovna, possessed a clear mind and great everyday wisdom, largely inherited by her son.

She worked in the library, headed the council of wives. The spouses of Alferov, like most people of that generation, persistently believed in revolutionary ideas. Then the fashion appeared to give children sonorous revolutionary names. The youngest son became Zhores in honor of the French revolutionary Jean Zhores, and the eldest became Marx in honor of the founder of scientific communism.

Zhores and Marx were directors, which means that it was necessary to be an example both in school and in public life. The elder brother of Zhores, Marx, graduated from the school on June 21 in the city of Syasstroy. He entered the Ural Industrial Institute for the Faculty of Energy, but studied only a few weeks, and then decided that his duty was to defend his homeland.

Stalingrad, Kharkov, Kursk arc, severe wound to the head. In October, he spent three days with his family in Sverdlovsk, when after the hospital he returned to the front. And these three days, the front -line stories of the older brother, his passionate youthful faith, due to the science and engineering thought, Jores remembered for his life. Guard Junior Lieutenant Marx Ivanovich Alferov died in a battle in the Second Stalingrad-this is the name of the Korsun-Shevchenko operation then.

In the year, Zhores will come to Ukraine to find the grave of his brother. In Kyiv, on the street, he will suddenly meet his colleague B. Zakharchen, who later became his close friend. They drove together: they took tickets to the ship and sailed down the Dnieper to Kaneva in a double cabin. They found the village of Hilki, near which Marx Alfierov fiercely reflected the attempt of the selected German divisions to leave Korsun-Shevchenkovsky “Kotla”.

They found a mass grave with a white gypsum soldier on a pedestal that grows over a violently overgrown grass, into which simple flowers were interspersed, which are usually planted on Russian graves: nails, a pans of eyes, forget -me -nots.

There was no physical office at school, but Yakov Borisovich, in love with physics, managed to transfer his attitude to his favorite subject to his students, so in a rather hooliganist class in his lessons were never naughty. Zhores, struck by the teacher’s story about the work of the cathode oscilloscope and the principles of radar, went to study in Leningrad, at the Electrotechnical Institute of Leti named after Ulyanova Lenin now is the St.

Petersburg State Electrotechnical University.Zhores Ivanovich, according to him, was very lucky with the first scientific leader. In the 3rd year, believing that mathematics and theoretical disciplines are easily given, and “hands” need to be studied a lot, he went to work at the Vacuum Laboratory of Professor B. there, starting experimental work under the guidance of Natalia Nikolaevna Zozina, which defended a dissertation for the study of semiconductor photographs in the IR spectrum, gorods of alphaelers.

For the first time, he ran into semiconductors who became the main work of his life. The first studied monograph in the physics of semiconductors was F. Volkenstein "Electrical Conductivity of the semiconductors", written during the blockade of Leningrad. In October, distribution was held. Alferov dreamed of a physical education, led by Abram Fedorovich Ioffe, whose monograph “The main ideas of modern physics” became a table book for a young scientist.

There were three vacancies during the distribution, and one went to J. Zhores Ivanovich much later wrote that his happy life in science was predetermined by this distribution. In a letter to his parents in Minsk, he announced a huge happiness that had fallen to him at the IOFFA Institute. Then he still did not know that Abram Fedorovich two months before was forced to leave the institute he created, where he was the director for more than 30 years.

Zhores Ivanovich was well remembered by his first day at the Physics and Technical Institute-January 30, when he began work with the new scientific director, at that time the head of the candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, Vladimir Maksimovich Tuchkevich. The small team of the sector set a very important task: the creation of the first domestic germanium diodes and transistors with P-N-transitions.

Fizteh in the year was a relatively small institute. Most of the famous Fiztekhites left for Moscow to I. Kurchatov and other newly created “atomic” centers. It was an E. Gross brilliant report on the opening of an exciton. The feeling that I experienced then is difficult to compare with anything. I was shocked by a report on the birth of a discovery in the field of science in which I took my first steps, ”said J.

Zhores Ivanovich, as a relic, he stores his laboratory journal of that time with a record of the creation of the first Soviet transistor with a p - n cross. Today you can be surprised how a very small team of very young employees under the leadership of V. Tuchkevich for several months developed the basics of technology and metrology of transistor electronics: A.

Lebedev - obtaining and dosing of perfect monocristals Germany, J. Alfierov - obtaining transistors with parameters at the level of the best world samples, A. Uvarov and S. Evvkin - the creation Germany and transistors, N. Yakovchuk - development of schemes on transistors. Already in May, the first Soviet transistor receivers were demonstrated by the "high superiors." In this work, which the team was given with all the passion of youth and the consciousness of the highest responsibility to the country, the formation of the young scientist Alfierov very quickly and effectively was very quickly and effective, the understanding of the significance of the technology not only for creating new electronic devices, but also for physical research, the role and significance of “small”, at first glance, details in the experiment, the need to understand the “simple” bases of “highly scientific” explanations of unsuccessful results.

In subsequent years, a small team of “semiconductors” of the FTI expanded markedly, and in a very short time in the laboratory of V. Tuchkevich, the first Soviet germanium power rectifiers, Germanic photodiodes and silicon solar panels were created, imprints were studied in Germany and silicon. In May, V. Tuchkevich was addressed by Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov, future president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, with a request to develop semiconductor devices for the first Soviet atomic submarine.

To solve the problem, they needed fundamentally new technology and the design of Germanic valves. I had to settle right in the laboratory for two months, and the work was successfully completed in a record time: already in October, the devices were installed on a submarine. For Zhores Ivanovich and today the first order received in the year for this work is one of the most valuable awards.

In the year, he defended his thesis on the main development and study of powerful Germany and partially silicon rectifiers. On the basis of these works, a domestic power semiconductor electronics occurred. If at the beginning of studies of the heterostructures of J. Alfierov it was repeatedly convinced by his young colleagues that they are far from the only ones in the world who believes that semiconductor physics and electronics will develop on the basis of hetero- rather than homostructures, then serious competition with laboratories of three American giants began: Bell Telephone, IBM and RCA.During the same business trip, only theoretical aspects of the physics of heterostructures were discussed, since the British colleagues considered experimental studies unpromising.

There, in England, Zhores Ivanovich acquired wedding gifts for his bride, and immediately upon returning to his homeland, a wedding took place. The celebration took place in the luxurious restaurant "Roof" at the European Hotel. His wife was Tamara Darskaya, the daughter of the actor of the Voronezh Theater of Musical Comedy George Dari. She worked in Khimki near Moscow in the space company of academician V.

The salary of a senior researcher allowed Zhores Ivanovich weekly flights along the Leningrad -Moscow route, but six months later Tamara Georgievna moved to Leningrad. In the years, the group of J. Alferov practically realized all the main ideas for managing electronic and lighting flows in classical heterostructures based on the GAAS -ALAS system and the advantages of heterostructures in semiconductor devices of lasers, LEDs, solar panels and transistors were shown.

The most important was, of course, the creation of low -powered lasers at room temperature on a double heterostructure proposed by J. Alferov in the year.