Biography and Kepler

Johann Kepler is a biography of Johann Kepler - an outstanding German scientist, astronomer, optics, mathematician, mechanic. He was the first to discover the laws of movement of the planets of the solar system. Thoughts and discoveries of a brilliant scientist have much ahead of time. Johann Kepler alone without support and understanding, worked and believed in his discoveries.

Currently, when all his discoveries and laws are confirmed by the scientific works of modern scientists with high -precision technology, it remains only to admire the persistence and imagination of the scientist, with what accuracy he was able to express them. In the German city of Val-Der-Stadt, December 27. The boy’s father was called Henry Kepler. He served as a mercenary in the Spanish Netherlands.

When Johann was 18 years old, the father went missing, it is believed that he died. His family owned a tavern, and Katarina Kepler's mother kept him. Along the way, earned in the same grass and fortune -telling there. At the time of the birth of Johann, she already had three children. The financial situation of the family was shaky. Young Kepler fell into astronomy thanks to his mother.

The woman watched with the curious son a comet in the year. This spectacle made an indelible impression on a six -year -old child. And in the year they watched the lunar eclipse together. In childhood, Johann was ill with smallpox, and after his illness there was a visual defect that significantly complicated astronomical observations. But through his whole life he carried a love of astronomy.

The portrait of Johann Kepler in childhood in the year Johann graduates from the Maulbron Monastery School. He proved himself as a very outstanding student, and the city government appointed him a scholarship for further training. In the year, he successfully passes the exams and is enrolled in the institute in Tubingen. Johann enters the Faculty of Arts, it was there that at that time they studied mathematics and astronomy.

Later it is transferred to theology. There he first gets acquainted with the works of Nikolai Copernicus, and becomes a supporter of his theory. Initially, Johann wanted to become a Protestant priest. But possessing phenomenal mathematical abilities, he was invited to teach at the university in Graz. He lived there for six years. And it was there that he wrote his first book The Secret of the Universe.

She was released in the year. In it, the author tried to unravel the harmony of the universe. He compared orbits, five planets known at that time. Then he represented the orbits round. Later, after other works and discoveries, this scientific work partially lost its meaning, since subsequently the scientist proved that the orbit of the planets are not circular.

But in the presence of mathematical harmony in the universe, Kepler believed until the end of his life. In the year, Johann reprints his work, he makes significant changes and edits, complements it with new information. Science is a great influence on Kepler, as a scientist, of course, had training at the theological faculty, therefore his teaching was based on two scientific and theological postulates.

In his works, one can observe a semantic load of laws, through the prism of religious subtleties. Although he never put “Divine” above the scientific principle. Even in his student years, the young Kepler in disputes with colleagues proved the justice of the heliocentric system. Based on the works of Copernicus, both from the astronomical and theological point of view. Johann Kepler continues to study the laws of the motion of planets.

His plans have four books, about the sun and planets, and their movement. He wants to understand the physical nature of these planets and geography. He studies the influence of the sky on the surface of the Earth, in particular from the point of view of optics, metrology and astronomy. Galileo praised the heliocentric approach of Johann, but he criticized his mystical numerology.

Quietly just like Galileo did not support the far -fetched constructions of Kepler. Brage admired the original thinking of the scientist. Their correspondence continued. In it, they were polemic into various astronomical problems. Many issues raised in the correspondence were not subject to studying Kepler, he did not have a trite data that he owned quietly, which used the studies of the observatory in which the high -precision equipment of those times was located.

Over time, Johann understands that his research is at a dead end. And he is convinced that he needs to accept an invitation of his colleague.

Circumstances for further work in Graz are unfavorable. Religious tension is growing in the city. Brage himself is sent from his observatory. And he is forced to leave for Prague. There he enters the service of Emperor Rudolf II, as a court astronomer. In the year, two exiles are found in Prague. Two months spent by guests quietly allowed the final decision to move to this city.

They agree on official cooperation. And Johann returns to Graz for his family. The model of the solar system of Johann Kepler on August 2, due to his refusal to accept Catholicism, is expelled from the city. Keplers move to Prague. All year, Kepler works by agreement quietly. He watches planets and writes treatises.But in the fall, quietly, the Brage suddenly dies.

Kepler as a receiver is assigned to the post of imperial mathematician, and is also imputed to him by the obligation to finish the work begun quietly. They consisted in monitoring Mars and the preparation of Rudolphin tables of the movement of the planets. They paid little to the scientist, the treasury was exhausted by endless wars. He had to earn extra money with the compilation of horoscopes.

But the trouble does not come alone. The heirs quietly began the lawsuit for his property, as part of which they demanded to return all the works and observations of the scientist. But in the end, Kepler had to pay off to leave observations for himself. Kepler spent 10 years in this city, which later turned out to be the most fruitful. Keler remembered the incomprehensible visual effects that he observed in childhood, with a sunny eclipse, and decides to explore this phenomenon.

In the year, he begins work on optical theory. The end of his works was the book “Optics in astronomy”, written in the year, which he introduced to the emperor. In the year, Johann Kepler publishes his perennial observations of Supernova, who later began to wear his name. The great observer quietly Brage for his many years of work left a huge number of his observations of Mars.

His work helped Kepler to understand many issues that he did not understand. Having carefully analyzing the observations quietly, Kepler comes to the conclusion that the trajectory of Mars is not a circle, but an ellipse. Further studies allowed the great theorist to open 2 law of the motion of planets, subsequently named as the laws of Kepler. They were finally formulated by scientists in the year.

For the sake of caution, he initially carried this discovery only to Mars. The book was called "New Astronomy." Based on observations of Mars, Kepler displays a new formula of the essence of which is that the speed of the planet is inversely proportional to its distance from the sun. In the year, Kepler writes “Sleep, or a posthumous essay on moon astronomy”, this is a fantastic story about flight to the moon.

This was probably the first work in the genre of science fiction. Kepler described events from the point of view of astronomy. The reader saw this work only after the death of the author. In the years, Johann works on the books of Copernican Astronomy, the meeting is published in three volumes. These works describe in detail three laws on the movement of the planets, and all discoveries were made by him in astronomy.

These books immediately became prohibited. They may be familiar.