Dokuchaev soil science biography

Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilievich Vasily Vasilievich was born on February 17 on March 1 year in the village of Milukovo Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province now Novoduginsky district of the Smolensk region in the priest’s family, he had two older brothers and four sisters. He studied at the spiritual school of the city of Vyazma, then at the Smolensk Theological Seminary. The seminary was a place where harsh customs dominated and the traditions cruel to students are described in the “Essays on the Bursa” by N.

Prymyalovsky, supported by teachers and the students themselves. According to the informal division of students, Dokuchaev was the “head” - the first in the teaching and the last in behavior. In the year, having graduated from the seminary, Dokuchaev as the best pupil was sent to the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. There he studied only three weeks and entered the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics faculty of St.

Petersburg University. Of the professors on Dokuchaev, D. Mendeleev, A. Foreigners, A. Beketov, and A. with whom he maintained relations even after graduating from training in the year had the greatest influence. Dokuchaev’s candidate diploma work was devoted to the geological description of the banks of the Kasni River in the Smolensk province. After graduating from the university, Dokuchaev was left at the Department of Geology as a conservative of the Guardian of the Mineralogical Collection and held this position for a year.

Then he was elected assistant professor and professor of mineralogy. There, his student was P. for many years, Dokuchaev taught mineralogy at the Institute of Civil Engineers. The scientific activity of Dokuchaev in a period of up to a year is devoted to the study of the latest quarterly formations of sediment and soils of European Russia. Since years, he was committed by a number of expeditions in Northern and Central Russia and the southern part of Finland, in order to study the geological structure, the method and time of the formation of river valleys and the geological activity of rivers.

In the year, he defended the Master's dissertation “Methods of origin of the river valleys of European Russia”, in which he outlined the original theory of the formation of river valleys by gradual development of linear erosion processes. Already at this time, soils fall into the area of ​​the scientific interests of Dokuchaev. In the year, he makes a report on the submes of the Smolensk province at a meeting of the St.

Petersburg Society of Naturalists. In the year, Dokuchaev was invited by V. Regional -Lavsky to compile the soil map of European Russia. In the region, the explanatory note to the map B is already Dokuchaev and the explanatory note. In the same year, he acts with the idea of ​​creating a soil museum with a laboratory under him. In the Imperial Free Economic Society of the VEO, the question of the study of chernozems, but only after Alexander II, began the development of capitalism in Russia and the appearance of the first signs of exhaustion of the steppe soils of drought and years, the first steps were taken in this area.

In A. Soviets and M. Bogdanov convinces the VEO of the need for a deep study of chernozems. Tips connects Dokuchaev to work. In the year, Dokuchaev appears to the VEO with the report “Results on Russian Chernozem”, where he critically analyzes fragmentary data on chernozems, the theory of its origin by sea, swamp, and plant and ease, after which he proposes a plan of future special research.

Another program was presented by P. Kostychev, the VEO, however, preferred Dokuchaev and entrusted him with the leadership of the “Chernozem Commission”. During the years, Dokuchaev made a number of trips along the chernozem zone, the total length of the expedition route was more than 10 thousand Schmidt, P. Kostychev, students of St. Petersburg University: N.

Sibirtsev, P. Zemitchensky, A. Ferkhmin and others. The work of Dokuchaev “Russian Chernozem” was published in the year, in which they were examined in detail: the area of ​​spread, way of origin, origin, origin, origin, origin, origin, way The chemical composition of chernozem, the principles of classification and methods of research on this soil. For this work, Dokuchaev was awarded the degree of Doctor by St.

Petersburg, from the Free Economic Society received special gratitude, and from the Academy of Sciences-the full Makaryevsky Prize of Kostychev: he considered too insignificant the number of samples that were analyzed to prove the dependence of the properties of chernozem on climatic factors. He accepted the proposal of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial zemstvo to Dokuchaev, with the aim of a more correct price of land, a complete study of the province in geological, soil and generally historical relations with the help of their specialists in soil science.

This work was completed under the leadership of Dokuchaev for 6 years, its result was 14 issues of “Materials on the assessment of the lands of the Nizhny Novgorod province” for each district of the province, with the soil and geological map. Dokuchaev’s students were involved in the work.In this expedition, a methodology for compiling soil cards was created and worked out, a genetic classification of soils with four large classes of land, land-based, marsh and floodplain soils was developed, the method of bonitivation was improved, the concept of genetic soils was tested and expanded to northern soils.

At the invitation of the provincial zemstvo, Dokuchaev investigated the Poltava province, having issued the results of works in 16 volumes. In Nizhny Novgorod and Poltava, Dokuchaev, natural -historical museums with soil departments were created. During the life of Dokuchaev, his students carried out such evaluative work in 11 provinces. B - Dokuchaev achieved the organization of a “special expedition for testing and taking into account various methods and techniques of forest and water economy in the steppes of Russia” of the Forest Department to experimentally verify the effectiveness of its program.

Together with him, N. Zemitchensky, G. Vysotsky, G. Tanfiliev, K. Glinka, P. Ototsky, G., participated in the works, were attended by a significant effect, but investments were reduced from year to year and completely ceased to work. On the initiative and with the closest assistance of Dokuchaev, the soil commission was founded in the year under the free economic society, in which he was the chairman, which became the first organization of soil scientists.

B was created by a commission chaired by Dokuchaev for a comprehensive scientific research of St. Petersburg and its environs. In the year, Dokuchaev organized the soil science at the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property, the consent to the preparation of the new soil card was completed in the year by N. Sibirtsev, A. Ferkhman and G.

Dokuchaev temporarily performed the duties of the director of the Novoalekratrian Institute of Agriculture and Forestry and led his transformation to the highest agricultural and forestry educational institution. In he achieved the organization there the first department of genetic soil science, the head of which was N. In the fall of the year, Dokuchaev gets a severe form of nervous disorder.

In autumn and winter - the second attack of the disease happens, he spends two weeks in delirium, in the summer it is tormented by headaches, weakening of feelings and memory. In February of the same year, the wife of Dokuchaeva Anna Egorovna dies from cancer. Only in the fall was Dokuchaev was able to return to work. The next 3.5 years of his life become extremely fruitful.

About a quarter of all Dokuchaev’s publications falls on them. He publishes the article “On Zonality in the Mineral Kingdom” and the brochure “To the Teaching of Nature Zones”, in which, based on the established dependence of soils on factors of their formation, the law of zonality, open to the animal and plant world, also conceived the book “On the relationship between living and dead nature”, for which he managed to write only the chapter “The place and role of modern soil.

science and life. " In the year, Dokuchaev is overtaken by the third attack of the disease. In the fall, he practically ceases any connection with the outside world, in March he writes the last letter to his student V. The funeral took place on October 29 on November 11, they were attended by A. Karpinsky, D. Foreigners, numerous friends and students of Dokuchaev, students, delegates from many educational institutions.

Dokuchaev’s memory was devoted to more publications in the press - years. Dokuchaev raised many students who became famous researchers, created a school of soil scientists. His ideas began to extend beyond the borders of Russia. This was facilitated by the participation of Dokuchaev and his students in the work of world exhibitions Paris, Chicago, Paris of the years on which soil collections with accompanying material were exhibited.

In the year, E. Brutkerner in an article on Chernozem analyzed the concept of Dokuchaev and called it “a new word in science”. The most active distribution of genetic soil science began after the Agrogeological conferences of Budapest and Stockholm of the years, the agricultural -pedological conference of the year in Prague and, in particular, the international congresses of soil scientists in Washington and Leningrad in Russia, some weakening of the positions of the Dokuchaev school was outlined during the years of B.

Polynov, but after intensive discussions among the soil leaders, Dokuchaev’s views prevailed. In the name of V. Dokuchaev, streets are named in Smolensk, Vyazma and other cities. The best students of universities at the soil and geographical faculties are issued a scholarship named after Dokuchaev. Dokuchaev’s gold medal is awarded for outstanding soil scenes.

Mark dedicated to V. Works Dokuchaev, V. Selected Works. Dokuchaev, V. Literature Gerasimov, I. Teaching V. Dmitriev, V. Babikh: author.