Svetlogorsk biography

Rauschen is a resort city in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the Svetlogorsk city district. Located on the coast of the Baltic Sea, thirty kilometers northwest of the city of Kaliningrad. The city is a tourist and cultural and business center in the Baltic seaside. History of the settlement, which later received the name Raushen him.

Rauschen, Polish. Ruszowice, ruskowo rusco, lit. The name "Zemland" is first mentioned in the year as "the earth that the Prussians inhabit"; At the same time, the Prussians themselves called themselves a different name - "seeds". The first mention of the pagan settlement in the place of Raushena dates back to the year, then this settlement of the Prussians was called Ruza-Moter, which, translated from Staro-Prussian, means the “burial place” of the “land of cellars”.

The Ruza-Moter was located on the shore of the current lake of quiet, separated from the sea with a high coastal dune; Its inhabitants were engaged in fishing and hunting. The knights of the German Teutonic Order who came here in the XIII century first called the village of Raushe-Moter, and since the XIV century, in harmony with the indefinite form of the German verb “Raushen” to rustle, Raushen.

Order brothers set the life of the village of a new direction: they blocked the Catcenbach stream, which flows into the lake, and installed a mill on the stream. Since then, the lake has become called Mulen-Tah Mill Pond, and the mill matter has become the main one for the inhabitants of the village. In order times, it was the largest mill in Zamland. About two centuries ago, another turn occurred in the development of the village, now as a resort place.

At the very beginning of the XIX century, in Europe, traveling and relaxing with a bathing at sea became fashionable, and vacationers began to visit these places, travelers began to stop here. Since access to the sea was difficult to sand dunes, the place of residence and rest was the picturesque corners of the lake. A tavern opened near the mill, new houses appeared.

Cozy villas and boarding houses began to be built in Raushene, and soon the carts with grain bags began to be lost among the crews with spa, bauls and wives in air hats. Officially, Raushen as the resort was opened on June 24. The real impetus, which called Raushen as a resort of national significance, was a visit to Raushen in the year, after his coronation, King Friedrich-Vilgelm IV.

The local places fascinated him with their romance. At the command of the king, they began to grind the coastal dune intensively, build convenient descents to the sea, and strengthen the sea embankment. However, despite the issuance of the official status and the attention of the crowned person, the arrangement of the resort for the most part remained the initiative of individuals.

Maybe that's why, until the beginning of the 20th century, Raushen remained a quiet and little -bitten place. Trains could now drive closer to the sea, and the resort has become much more accessible for many residents of Königsberg. A positive role both in the development of the resort and in the attraction of vacationers played a hippodrome, opened in Raushene by the society of riders.

The city began to be divided into two parts: the lower - near the lake, and the upper above on M by the sea. The upper village was located approximately at an altitude of up to 60 m above sea level, so a pleasant event in his life was the opening of a funicular in the year of a funicular - a meter inclined railway for the delivery of resorts to the sea and back.

The funicular worked until the X. The arrangement of the resort could not do without the arrangement of beach territories. In the year, on the seashore on piles, a wooden walking deck was built on piles, several serpentines descent led to it. In the early years of the XX century, in Raushene, private individuals were deployed by the enhanced construction of country houses, villas, boarding houses, especially in the upper part of the resort.

The buildings had architectural forms with elements of the eater, neo -Gothic, then fashionable historicism, and fit well into the landscape. In the year, the villa of the Architect Gering of the namesake Reichsmarshal was built in the year. In the center of Raushen, becoming a kind of symbol of the city, in - gg. Even then, in addition to water treatment - sea, carbon dioxide and other baths - sanatorium institutions of the city practiced mud, electric and light treatment, and therapeutic massage.

Under the helmet -shaped roof of the tower, there was an observation platform for viewing the surroundings. Some city buildings were built by a charitable society, which consisted of local and visiting entrepreneurs and the wealthy part of the intelligentsia. Starting from the year, this charity society, together with the resorters, produced the newspaper "Hospitable Raushnets" in a typographic way.

The care of society was built, for example, a house for elderly teachers and Kirsch, erected in - gg. Kirkh was consecrated on July 7; It was built according to the project of the architects of Wihman and Kukuk in the neuroman style with elements of modern. The attraction of Kirch was a carved wooden altar. During the First World War, Raushen became the “branch” of the German military department - civilians were almost replaced by the treating and vacationing German officers.After the First World War, Raushen acquired a power station and a sewer network.

The local authorities in the city represented the municipality, the mayor at the same time was the commissar of the resort. The resort service was divided into two parts: medical and economic. In the period from June 1 to September 15, the official holiday season, each arrived at the resort, was obliged to be registered at 24 hours in the commissariat of the resort and submit a certain amount to its cash desk.

The number of vacationers can be judged by the number of individual closing cabins - on all beaches, their total number reached 3 thousand.

At the height of the season, about 20 hotels, hotels and boarding houses with restaurants and cafes functioned in the upper part of the city. Most of them were closed in the winter.