Biography Pavel 2
John Pavel II at the beginning of the pontificate. He was the youngest of the two children of Karol Voitlya Sr. and Emilia Kachorovskaya, who died when the future dad was only nine years old. Without reaching summer age, Karol Voitila Jr. remained a round orphan. Karol studied successfully. Having graduated from the Lyceum in, on the eve of World War II, he entered the Philosophy Faculty of Jagello University in Krakow.
Then Karol became a member of the theater circle "Studio 38". During the German occupation, in order to avoid hijacking in Germany, he left his studies and worked in a quarry near Krakow, and then moved to a chemical plant. In Karol, Voitla signed up for general education courses of the underground Krakow Theological Seminary. At that time, he became one of the initiators of the Rapsodic Theater acting underground underground.
For the Archbishop of Krakow Cardinal Stefan Sapega, for security reasons, he transferred Voitla along with other "illegal" seminarians to work in the diocesan administration in the Archbishop Palace, where Karol remained until the end of the war. Even in his youth, he became a polyglot and spoke nine languages fluently - in his native Polish, Slovak, Russian, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German and English.
And also, of course, Latin knew. At the Papal University of Angelikum, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the works of the Spanish mystic of the 16th century, the reformer of the Order of Carmelites, St. John the Cross. Then he returned to Poland, where he was appointed as an assistant to the abbot of the parish in Nonfitsa, near the Gdov. The Academic Senate of the University of Yagellon in Krakow recognized the diploma received by Voitla in Rome and honored his doctoral title.
He defended a dissertation at the theological faculty of the Faculty of Faculty of Yagellon in Krakow about the possibility of justifying Christian ethics, based on the ethical system of the German philosopher Max Sheler. Later, Karol Voitil became a professor of ethics and moral theology in the Krakow Theological Seminary and at the Theological Faculty of Lublin University.
Between and years, he took part in all four sessions of the second Vatican Cathedral, convened by Pope John XXIII, being one of its youngest participants. Thanks to this work, a year later he was ordained the rank of archbishop, Metropolitan Krakow. In August, after the death of Pavel VI, Karol Voitil participated in the Conclave, who elected Pope John Paul I, but he died only 33 days after the election.
In October, another conclave took place. Its participants turned out to be split on supporters of two Italians - Giuseppe Siri, Archbishop Genoa, known for his conservative views, and more liberal Giovanni Benelli, Archbishop of Florence. Ultimately, Wojtil became a compromise candidate and was elected dad. He became the first pope and the first Nevalian with G., like his predecessor, John Paul II tried to simplify his position, depriving her of many royal attributes.
In particular, speaking of himself, he used the pronoun "I" instead of "we", as is customary for the reigning persons. Dad abandoned the coronation ceremony, conducting a simple inauguration instead. He did not wear the papal tiara and always sought to emphasize the role that is indicated in the title of pope, the Servus Servorum Dei slave of God's slaves. Gorbachev talks with Pope John Paul II.
In the city, it was an unprecedented event, given the lack of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the Vatican. Gorbachev, and already on March 15, John Pavel II welcomes the sorcerers of the Voodoo sect, who arrived from Africa for a joint prayer of all religions in T. This was the first of the foreign trips of Pontiff. In the summer, G. John Paul II visited his native Poland.
His election to the holy throne became a spiritual impetus to the struggle of the Poles against the communist regime and to the emergence of the Movement "Solidarity". Later, dad visited his homeland seven more times, but never gave the reason to accuse himself of inciting the opposition to the coup. Already at the end of the x, he played a big role in the fact that the change of power in Poland occurred without a single shot.
On the Vatican, the English Queen Elizabeth II, she was also the head of the Anglican Church. It was a historical visit, given that many centuries British monarchs and Roman pontiffs were irreconcilable enemies. Elizabeth II was the first of the British monarchs to visit the Vatican on a state visit and even invited dad to the UK with a pastoral visit to 4 million. In August, at the invitation of King Hassan II, the pope performed in Morocco in front of the fifty thousandth audience of young Muslims.
He talked about misunderstanding and hostility, which previously existed in the relations of Christians and Muslims, and called for the establishment of "peace and unity between people and peoples that make up a single community on Earth."In April, dad for the first time in the history of the Catholic Church crossed the threshold of the synagogue, where, sitting next to the supreme rabbi of Rome, he said a phrase that became one of his most cited statements: "You are our beloved brothers and, one might say, our older brothers." In October, the first inter -religious meeting was held in Assisi, when 47 delegations from various Christian faiths, as well as representatives of 13 other religions, responded to the Pontiff's invitation to discuss the problems of the pontiff.
John Pavel II first visited the Orthodox country, Romania. However, the unfulfilled dream of John Paul II remained a trip to Russia, against which the Moscow Patriarchate opposed, accusing the Roman Catholic Church of expansion to the original territory of the Orthodox Church. The attempt was made by a member of the Turkish ultra -right group "Gray Wolves" Mehmet Ali Agja. He got to Italy after escaping from a Turkish prison, where he was serving a deadline for the murder and robbery of banks.
Agjas wounded John Paul II in the chest and hand and was captured. He visited Dad in prison, who was sentenced to life imprisonment. What exactly they were talking about was still a mystery, but dad informed reporters that he forgave Agju. Agja testified that the attempt was organized by Bulgarian and Soviet special services. Three Bulgarians and three Turks were arrested, allegedly involved in the attempt, but were released for lack of evidence.
Later, at the request of dad, Agja was pardoned by the Italian authorities and was transferred to the Turkish bodies of justice. In Agja, he said that some Vatican cardinals were involved in the attempt. John Paul II, among his predecessors, distinguishes only repentance for mistakes made by some Catholics during history. Even during the second Vatican Cathedral, the Polish bishops, together with Karol Voitila, published a letter to the German bishops about reconciliation with the words: "We forgive and ask for forgiveness." And already being a dad, John Paul II brought repentance on behalf of the Western Christian Church for crimes of the times of the Crusades and the Inquisition.
In October, the Roman Catholic Church was rehabilitated by Galileo Galileo, and in October - Nikolai Copernicus. In August, John Paul II pleaded guilty to the Church in the mass destruction of Protestants in France during Bartholomew’s night on August 24, and in January decided to open the archives of the Holy Inquisition. He asked for forgiveness and pleaded the guilt of the Church for eight sins: the persecution of Jews, the split of the church and religious wars, the Crusades and the theological dogmas, contempt for minorities and the poor, and the justification of slavery.
Never in the history of mankind is a single religion or denomination has brought such repentance. John Paul II recognized the accusations against the Catholic Church - in particular, in silence during the events of the Second World War and the Holocaust, when Catholic priests and bishops limited themselves to the salvation of Jews and other people pursued by the Nazis.
In the middle of the x, the health of John Paul II began to deteriorate. Since that time, he began to suffer from Parkinson's disease. Despite the bodily weakness, John Pavel continued to make foreign trips. In February G. But, even having discharged from the hospital, he could not take part in the services of a passionate week and could not say a word during the traditional appeal to believers after the Easter mass.
On the evening of April 2, John Paul II died of septic shock and cardiovascular collapse. Immediately after the death of the pope, the Catholics of the whole world began to call on the Vatican to declare him saints. Benedict XVI began the process of its Beatification, neglecting the rule, according to which from the day of death of a person should pass at least five years.
John Paul II himself ranked more people and blessed people than all his predecessors combined. Next, read:.