Webers biography report

The school for electrician at Telegram Wilhelm Eduard Weber is a biography of the inventor of the telegraph and the creator of the units system in the field of electricity and magnetism Wilhelm Eduard Weber was born on October 24. From early childhood, he lived in an academic environment and in close contact with educated people of different orientations. He was the fifth child of a professor of theology of Wittenberg University.

His two brothers were professors of anatomy and physiology at the University of Leipzig, the elder brother became the minister. The interest of the three brothers in science was undoubtedly awakened by a family friend, professor of medicine and natural science Christian Augusta Langut, whose house lived webers. Another tenant here was the famous physicist Ernst Friedrich Khladni - Galle University was officially connected with Wittenberg University of the year.

Here, at a very young age, Wilhelm began scientific cooperation with his brother Ernst Henry, who was almost ten years older than him, over the problem of waves on the water. The result of an experimental study in the year was a scientific publication, which made the name of Wilhelm known in scientific circles. While studying at the University of Galle on the young Weber, the physicist Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger had the greatest influence - and probably mathematician Johann Friedrich Pfaf - Wilhelm Eduard Weber defended his doctoral dissertation dedicated to the acoustic compound of the tongue and the air cavity of the organ pipe, along with Schweigger, the year of the dashing He received the qualifications of the lecturer, continuing to work on the same issue, and soon after that he was appointed Associate Professor of the University of Galle.

His lecture at the Berlin Assembly of the Society of German Naturalists and Doctors in September, Gauss, recognized Weber as a valuable employee, interested him on geomagnetism and received a professor for him in Gettingen. Here Weber spent six fruitful and undoubtedly useful for Weber in his cooperation and close friendship with Gauss, despite their age difference, was 27 years younger than Gauss.

Although both were engaged in experimental work and although Weber showed great theoretical abilities and originality, the eldest was a leader in theory, and the youngest in an experiment. Their first general scientific interest was earthly magnetism. Karl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Eduard Weber's study of earthly magnetism, Gauss, criticized the modern doctrine of magnetism and came to the conclusion about the need for indigenous reforms.

They concerned not only magnetism, but all of physics. At the beginning of his joint work, he set a partial goal: to find a way to mathematically summarize the results of many years of studies of magnetism. Gauss believed in the boundless power of mathematical analysis of physical phenomena. Gauss and Weber organized Magnetische Verein magnetic society, uniting this worldwide network of observatories.

Together they published Resultate Aus Den Beobachtungen des Magnetische Vereins - - the results of observations of the magnetic association, which was published in six volumes and contained fifteen articles of Gauss and 23 articles of Weber.

Together, they also published Atlas des erdmagnetismus G. These and other publications concerned the problems of instrumentation and measuring equipment for measuring the magnetic field of the Earth. The most important publication on this issue was Allgemain Theorie des Erdmagnetismus Gauss. Here, Gauss could already base his mathematical theory on data obtained from the global network of observatories.

Thus, he used the empirical basis for his previously formulated ideas and expressed magnetic potential anywhere in the earth's surface with an endless row of spatial functions. The happy and fruitful cooperation of the two scientists was suddenly interrupted by an event that put the end of the experimental work of Gauss in the field of physics. At that time, a revolutionary boom raged in the country, which was not approved by the conservative of Gauss.

The first telegraph in the year Gauss and Weber built in Gettingen the first electromagnetic telegraph capable of working at a distance of more than 1 km. They held out a copper wire long meters above the roofs of the city from the Weber’s office through the market square to the Gauss Observatory. The telegraph line was used by two researchers for communication, but it was built of purely scientific interests, however, Gauss and Weber were also aware of the commercial aspect.

The telegraph himself consisted of a transmitter, conductor and receiver. The conductor, that is, the stretched copper wire, connected two coils among themselves: in the weber’s office and in the Gauss observatory. Both coils were freely wound on a magnetic rod and could move along the rod. When the transmitter coil moved, the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction caused a throw of current, which passed along the wire to another coil, which was also set in motion.

The coil at the receiver was increased and made by visible using a system of mirrors. Gauss and Weber developed their own system of binary code, based on the directed reject deviation and that each letter was awarded a combination of several deviations.In the city of Gauss, meanwhile, he was engaged in the worldwide network of observation stations for measuring the magnetic field of the Earth and other scientific topics, and did not repair the telegraph.

The page of the Gauss laboratory notebook containing both his code and the first transmitted message, as well as a copy of the telegraph made in the X, at the direction of Weber, is stored at the Physics Department of the University of Gettingen in Germany. And in the year, Steinheil paved telegraph lines along the Nuremberg-Fürt railway. After the end of the Gettingere telegraph line in the city of the invention of German scientists, they remembered only in preparation for the World Exhibition of the G.

Model of Telegraph, made by Weber for the World Exhibition of the Year in Vienna, is now in the historical collection of the Physical Institute in Gettingen. Telegraph Gaussa-Vyber in the Physical Museum. This model made Weber between and GG. The main contribution of Wilhelm Weber in the hetting period of his life was the development of sensitive measuring instruments and the conduct of very accurate measurements in the field of magnetism.

Despite his great enthusiasm for magnetism, Weber also found time to cooperate with his younger brother Edward on Physiology and Human Physics. Joint results were presented in the publication of Mechanik Der Menschlichen Geliwerkzege G. Publication has become another manifestation of close scientific cooperation between three Brothers Weber. Weber's stay at the University of Gettingen was unexpectedly and dramatically discontinued.

After the death of King Wilhelm IV, his nephew Victoria, who came from the Hanover dynasty, became the queen of England in the year. His first act was the abolition of the liberal constitution of the year. Weber was one of the seven professors of the University of Gettingen who signed a protest statement against this decision. Although the so -called Gettingen Seven won a great sympathy in Germany, all seven professors lost their posts on the royal order.

Over the next five years, Weber was unemployed and without constant income. Throughout Germany, a gathering was organized in favor of the Seven. He brought Weber Tlar, which almost doubled the Professor salary of Weber. Weber, faithful to his moral principles, believed that he should not waste this gift, he kept it and lived as modestly as possible in a small room. He received some funds, although not very plentiful, from Gauss.

Despite the loss of position, Weber continued to work on geomagnetism in Gettingen. Although Gauss and Humboldt tried to return the professor’s rank to him, the king caused this step by public appeal, but this was unacceptable for Wilhelm Weber. Gettingen seven on the postage of Germany of the year of the year Electrodynamics Weber Electrodynamics Weber is a historically significant approach in physics to explaining and describing the main phenomena of electrodynamics.

Its theory assumes that electric power depends not only on the distance, but also on speed. It expands the law of the pendant in order to include magnetic force with additional members. In modern physics, Maxwell electrodynamics are used, which has become an indisputable basis for classical electromagnetism. Weber electrodynamics, on the other hand, is largely unknown and forgotten.

After seven years of work without a university position in Gettingen, Weber became a professor of physics at the University of Leipzig in the year. In addition to obtaining constant work, this also meant the possibility of a closer connection with the brothers. In this post, he replaced the close friend of the family of Weber, the physiologist and physicist of Gustav Theodore Fechner-Fehner refused the post due to the painful tension of the eyes caused by his psychophysical experiments, which led to his temporary blindness.

This made Fechner turn to philosophy and psychology. Weber often argued with Fekhner - a convinced atomist about the power action between atoms and particles of matter. In his works, Weber searched a single general law of interaction between charges, which are both at rest and in movement. He was guided by the Amper interpretation of magnetism and the concept of electrodynamics.

He deepened the theory of ampere magnetism, based on molecular magnetic dipoles. Having experimentally checking the law of the Ampere force, he began the theoretical conclusion of the general law of the action of electrical power, including moving charges. However, unlike amperes, he did not consider the interaction between the elements of the current conductors a fundamental phenomenon, but was looking for the law of interaction between electric charges in motion.

Therefore, Weber suggested the action of central forces in the same way as amperes and currents as a combination of two types of electric charges moving in opposite directions. The basis is based on a well -known fact arising from the law of the pendant that two equally charged particles at rest are repulsed from each other, and two identical currents in the guides, as follows from the ampere law, are attracted.

Hence, he concluded that two uniformly electrified, but moving particles are attracted by an electromagnetic effect. In order for these two power influences to balance, the particle must have a certain speed. Constant s. Weber first measured her in the city of she was equal to the speed of light. Here the speed of light first appeared in a certain and understandable form.

The advantage of the law of the force of Weber was that it contained the law of Kulon’s electrostatics, the law of ampere for elements with current. Weber conscientiously considered his law "GrundgeSetz" electrodynamics. He included all known electrical phenomena in it and tried to use it to explain and electric composition of matter. When he later in G. however, unlike Ampere, Weber conceived his law only at the end of the era, when the physicist was based on Newtonian, and then on the principle of instantaneous action of force at a distance.

This concept, although it still had a very strong theoretical position in the first half of the 19th century, in the middle of this century it was already very shaken. Basically, Michael Faraday was responsible for his concept of force at close range, creating the concepts of a power curve and a field, theoretically developed by James Clerk Maxwell - the second mental process as already mentioned, which shook the existing concept, there was a transition from the “physics of forces” to “energy physics”.

The new concept caused disagreements. They also occurred between Weber and Herman von Helmholtz - the first clash occurred after the publication of the Helmholtz memoirs in the city of Helmholtz was able to prove that the law of the force of Weber violates the law of conservation of energy.