Marty biography

Born on January 28 - died on May 19. Kubinsky poet, writer, publicist and revolutionary, leader of the liberation movement of Cuba from Spain. In his homeland, he is considered a national hero, nicknamed the "Apostle of Independence." In literary circles, it is known as the father of modernism. When Marty was four years old, the family moved to Valencia, but two years returned back to Cuba, where he received their original education at the school in the Santa Clara area.

In the year, Jose entered the school, whose director, Rafael Maria de Mendiva, had a great influence on the formation of his political philosophy. Having learned from the news about the murder of Abraham Lincoln, Jose and other students staged mourning in respect for the merits of the US president in eradicating slavery. At the age of 15, Jose Marty had already published several of his poems, and in 16 he founded the “La Patria Libre” folk -patriotic newspaper.

During the revolutionary rebellion that flashed in a Cuba in the year of the so -called ten -year war - the first of the three to be conducted for the independence of Cuba from Spain, he openly sympathized with the rebels, for which he was sentenced to six months in the quarries of San Lasaro, spent some time on the island of prisoners Pinos, and was deported to Spain in the year.

There, he continued his education and literary work, having received academic degrees in the field of literature, rights and philosophy, which he studied at the University of Madrid. The first journalistic brochure of Marty - “Political Prison in Cuba” - was published about prisoners of hard labor in Madrid. In the year, Marty received the title of master of humanities and a degree of jurisprudence at the University of Saragos.

He spent several subsequent years in France, Mexico, Guatemala and Venezuela. Returning to Cuba in the year, he participated in the preparation of the uprising against the Spanish colonial administration, for which he was again expelled to Spain. In the years he was in the USA, where he was a correspondent of Latin American newspapers, wrote articles, books and engaged in teaching.

He launched active activities to prepare a new uprising in Cuba. Of the scattered emigrant organizations, Marty created the Cuban Revolutionary Party of the KRP, uniting representatives of various social layers and playing a decisive role in organizing a national liberation uprising in Cuba on February 24. In April, Marty returned to Cuba for direct participation in the uprising; A month later, he died in a battle with the Spanish troops near Dos Rios, not far from the confluence of the Kuramaeper and Kauto rivers.

His body fell into the hands of the Spaniards, they buried him, but then exhumed him. During the life of Jose Marty, not only against Spanish rule, but also against the threat of US expansionism in Cuba; His fears were justified when, after his death, the island was occupied by American troops in the year. In the year, the house was opened in Havana - the Jose Marty Museum.

Every half an hour, an honorary guard occurs at its foot. Jose Marty is traditionally depicted, with all monetary reforms, on the bill 1 Kubinsky peso, regardless of whether the pro -American Batista regime or the communist Fidel Castro was at the same time.

In the Cuban Constitution, the ideas of Jose Marty are enshrined as the leading ideological basis of the state along with Marxist-Leninist philosophy.