Biography of Novouzensk

The story of the first inhabitants of the lands on which Novouzensk is located today were tribes of nomadic warewoman of the Savromato-Sarmatian culture of the early Iron Age. The mounds are a reminder of their stay in these places today, one of whom studied in the year a group of archaeologists led by M. Among the excavations found during excavations were an iron sword and bronze arrowheads.

Also, in the vicinity of the city, fragments of the red -clan ceramics of the 4th - III century BC, a cup from the shell of the turtle no later than the 4th century BC, a bit, psali and a bronze cast plain in the form of a wheel with ten knitting needles of the 5th - 4th centuries BC, were found. Street in the pre -revolutionary Novouzensk Source: Old postcard Date: The beginning of the 20th century, the village of Cheranla, which later grew up to the city of Novouzensk, was founded by the Old Believers who returned from Poland during the merger of the Cheritanla and Big Uzhen per year.

The schismatics chose the place, albeit deaf and remote, but very unsuccessful, since it was in the middle of the possessions of nomadic Kyrgyz and Kalmyks who repeatedly attacked a new settlement. To protect the Cheranla and the Northern Volga from the nomads in the year near the village, the Kesen fortress was laid. The need for it, however, quickly fell away by itself, since the nomadic tribes gradually began to move on to a more peaceful lifestyle, and the large Sloboda Alexandrov Guy was already growing south.

As a result, in the summer of the year, the outpost was abolished, and the local church was dismantled and transferred to Cheranla, where the village of Kesen's fortress also moved and some of the inhabitants of the fortress. At that time, there were men and women in the Certan. In the year, the outstanding geographer and statesman Konstantin Ivanovich Arsenyev visited the Volga and Cheritan, after which he came up with the initiative of the formation of new counties in these unassembled regions.

The Minister of Internal Affairs of Blodes supported the idea of ​​Arsenyev, including based on reasons of the fight against a split in these places. The decree on the basis of the Saratov province of the Zavolzhsky Nikolaev and Novouzensky districts was issued at the end of the year. At that time, Cheranla was a rather large village with a spontaneous building of all wooden and clay houses and a church, a drinking house and trading shops in the center.

In total, three thousand specific and official peasants lived in the settlement. The prefix "New" in the name is due to the fact that at that time there were already the village of the Fortress of Nesen and the Sloboda Small Nesen. The main one in Novouzensk was the mayor with its own office, the clerk and the writer, the police team of 17 people was determined to supervise.

The specific peasants were recorded in the bourgeois, and the male official souls evicted with their families and formed the village of Petropavlovka. The state adviser V. Becker visited Novouzensk in the year and left quite detailed descriptions of what he saw. The main streets of the young city were wide, the construction of the Pokrovsky Cathedral was carried out on the vast square.

Of the three hundred houses, there were only a dozen strong houses, the rest were built of clay and were covered with straw, and completely poor dugouts were often found. The buildings of present places were also very wretched. The picture, in general, is very similar to Atkarsk after transforming it into a county city. Nomads who terrorized Russian and German Zabolzhsky settlements a few decades ago, by this time, was already actively trading with the local population, one of the centers of which was the Novouzen Fair, where caravans were caravans of various goods of camels.

This fair was called Pokrovskaya and was held annually from October 1 to October 14. In years, goods were brought to it for more than thousands of rubles in a turnover of thousands. The Kyrgyzs were lying from camel wool and sold them at the fair, from where they then crossed to cloth factories of the Orenburg and Samara provinces, where they went to the cloth known for their strength.

The Kyrgyz also traded cattle at the Pokrovskaya Fair, which was drove to their heads. The cattle -industrialists who bought him then drove the Gurts in the Saratov and further to Moscow.

In total, the city flocked to merchants, peasants and Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. For the trading period, a hotel opened, 37 taverns and up to 50 inns. Many townspeople rented apartments and trained the maintenance of sellers and buyers. By the beginning of the x, the annual amount of sales approached thousands of rubles. In the Crimean war in the fall of the year, a decree was issued on the formation of the Samara militia; in Novouzensk, a squad was created in its composition under the command of Prince Trubetskoy de jure and Captain Semenov de facto.

Other burning issues that were resolved during this period in the city were the construction of the building of public places and prison castles. At that time, Novouzensk and the Novouzensky district, which covered almost 40 thousand square kilometers almost 1.5 times more than the entire Moscow province, were already entering the Samara province since the year.

In the year in the city there were yards, men and women.There were a hospital, a postal station, two Orthodox churches, two factories and a salt store. After the abolition of serfdom, the position of mayor was abolished and created by the Novouzensky Zemstvo, which quickly became one of the richest in Russia. In the year, the question arose about the construction of three bridges in Novouzensk through the Big Nesen, Clakl and the Sollyanka Stoku, which it was decided to erect from wood in the area of ​​city dachas.

At the end of the x, three dozen stores and various shops worked in Novouzensk, the green wedge area was almost completely built up with bread barns. In the year, the project of the new stone arrested house was approved. In the summer of the year, the cholera epidemic was rampant in the city, a sanitary detachment of a medical student Morin was aimed at fighting. Also in Novouzensk, epidemics of diphtheria, smallpox, typhoid and malaria regularly occurred, which is why children's mortality was extremely high.

As of a year, only two doctors and four paramedics worked in the city. Since the year, in addition to the Pokrovskaya, Christmas and national teams that had already existed in Novouzensk, the fourth, summer, Petropavlovskaya began to be held. In the same year, the House of Charity and Hardiness opened. In the year, a railway passed through the city. At that time, there were residents in Novouzensk, among them the Orthodox - schismatics -, Muslims -, Protestants - 61, Catholics - 39, Jews - noblemen, there were a person, representatives of the spiritual estate - 51, honorary citizens and merchants -, bourgeois -, military -, peasants - all residential buildings, there were shops - the city public bank and the city bank and the agency and the city bank Russian commercial and industrial commercial bank, postal and telegraph office, private pharmacy.

In the year, a zemstvo hospital was built outside the city, in the summer of the same year, most of the crop died due to the drought. In the year in Novouzensk, an experimental field was created. Also during this period, the German entrepreneur Garsh built a small power station in the city, from which the central streets and the apartment of wealthy were lit. There was a city garden next to the cathedral, where the rich Novouzen residents rested.

A restaurant, a summer scene and a billiard room worked in the park, played a house. In the flood, the connection with the green wedge in the south station and the district was violated, and the crossing was carried out only by boats, which gathered large lines. In the year in Novouzensk, an agricultural exhibition was held with the issuance of medals for the best exhibits.

At the same time, the fertility not so long ago by the virgin New Uzen lands by the beginning of the 20th century was exhausted, the crop failures became regular, from which the poor suffered most. Industry in Novouzensk was poorly developed, and at the beginning of the first Russian revolution in the city there were only 64 workers. The main driving force of anti -government actions in Novouzensk became employees and peasants.

The underground Social Democratic group associated with the Saratov and Samara centers led the rebels, which distributed leaflets and proclamations and had a conspiracy apartment. The organizers of the group were a printing worker A. Kesler and the owner of the hairdresser A. In January of the year, the new assholes organized a demonstration, disarmed the police, seized a military warehouse with weapons and released prisoners from prison.

The local authorities called Cossack detachments to suppress the rebellion. The second major clash occurred at the end of August at the fair, where, with the pacification of the revolutionary songs, a large peasant was mortally wounded by the police with a large group of youth. In the year, Novouzensk extended to, 5 tithes, numbered 46 streets and lanes of partially paved and three areas, there were two public gardens.

Street lighting was provided by 60 simple kerosene lamps and seven kerosene-kallel. In the city there were wooden residential buildings, 14 stone and from other materials primarily from cheese bricks, of which iron and wood were covered. Water supply was provided from the river and wells, the method of removing sewage was cesspool. The city firepower had five cars at the disposal, the police officer and 30 city were included in the police, the healthcare sector was represented by a hospital, two pharmacies, two pharmacist stores, four doctors, two veterinarians and six paramedics and midwife.

Three churches, a convent and a mosque, a dozen schools, eight tea and canteens, a house of hard work, various craft workshops, 42 societies, including charitable and mutual assistance, eight insurance companies, two notarial offices, a telephone station, a city bank and a branch of Russian commercial and Russian-Asian banks, worked. The zemstvo was published by the magazine "Bulletin of the district zemstvo".

For the guests of Novouzensk, three hotels and furnished rooms of Chigis, Turkovsky and Orlova were opened.The national team of the Novouzensky fair lasted two weeks from Thursday of the first week of the Great Lent, the Christmas fair began on December 23 and also lasted two weeks, the two -week Pokrovskaya opened annually on October 1, the weekly Peter and Paul - on June 29.

Like half a century ago, the largest of them was Pokrovskaya with a turnover of up to thousands of rubles. The turnover of the remaining fairs did not exceed 75 - thousand. The peasants of the surrounding villages and Kyrgyz gathered at the auction, they drove to the fairs mainly manufactory, haberdashery, groceries, iron, leather and chip goods, wool, horse, cattle and camels.

In the vicinity of the city on the Big Uzen, two koumissions acted: on the farm of I. Grigoriev and at the veterinary doctor A. the second institution was founded by the railway physician D. Sokolov and passed to Ryabinsky in the year after his death. Both establishments attracted affordable prices, silence and favorable climatic conditions. Among the offered services and entertainment were swimming, boat skating, riding, billiards, croquet, cap, giant steps, piano, books, newspapers, magazines.

The coat of arms of Novouzensk, approved on January 12 25 of the year, was a crossed shield with a golden ribbon tied with a silver sheave of Kovil in the upper green part and black with gold jewelry of plows in the lower silver part. The shield was crowned with a silver tower crown about three teeth, two golden spikes connected by the Alexander ribbon surrounded by the Alexander ribbon.

In the year, the All -Russian League department was opened in Novouzensk to combat tuberculosis. In the same year, the city authorities ordered a draft of the contagious hut of the hospital, which, however, for a number of reasons, was not approved by the construction department and went for revision. As of the year, construction was not started. On the eve of the First World War, Novouzensk, who was part of the Kazan military district, was the place of formation of the GO infantry Novouzensky regiment.

Also in the city during the war, the reserve infantry regiment was deployed. Already in August, the first 15 wounded soldiers arrived in Novouzensk from Samara. By the beginning of October, the city administration allocated rubles to help families of spare ranks called up in the army. Revolutionary rally near the cathedral Source: Oldsaratov. It is located in the building of the city council on Moskovskaya Street, the building of 60 in the year was burned down, now the corps of the former boarding school is on this place.

According to its results, representatives of 53 volosts were included in the county public and executive committee, two representatives from the Pokrovsky and Novouzensky Councils of Workers and Soldiers' Deputies, two from local military units and two from cities.