Repin biography Parents

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. He was in the partnership of mobile art exhibitions. Among the most famous paintings of the artist: “Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish Sultan”, “Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan”, “Burlaki on the Volga”. His contemporaries noted the inconsistency of the master’s views, sometimes not understanding where he is real? Repin himself, recognizing the variability of his own beliefs, wrote that “at 50, a person is not the same at 20, and to saw him for it and is it fair?

In total, six children were born in the family, including Ilya. Three sons died: Vasily at five, Michael in infancy, Ivan at seven years old. The sister of Ustinya was two years older than Ilya. They were very close in childhood, but she lived only fifteen years. Of all the children, only Ilya and his younger brother Vasily turned out to be “long -livers”.

Talking about his origin and relatives, Repin reported in his memoirs: some writers called me a Cossack - a lot of honor. I was born a military settler of the Ukrainian military settlement. This title is very contemptuous: it was still the serfs below the settlement ... In the Ukrainian military settlement, in the city of Chuguev, in the suburban settlement of Osinovka, on Kalmykskaya Street, our house was considered rich.

The family was held by the inn, which was ruled by the grandmother. Father, a “ticket soldier”, sent on an unlimited vacation, traded horses with his brother. Around the Big bright courtyard, the sheds were piled up, forced by the horses and carts of visiting people. There was dirt, brown puddles and piles of manure everywhere. In the afternoon, the wide gate to Kalmykskaya Street remained open, and strangers in the house, Rapin about the house in which his childhood, Efima Vasilievich, did not tell, did not talk to Tatyana Stepanovna in everyday life and left through them.

The woman is competent and active, she not only led the house with a firm hand, but also engaged in the formation of children. She taught not only her own, but also peasant children, organizing a small school. Even adults came to Mamenka Repin to study literacy, but she did not refuse anyone. Later, Ilya was given to a topographic school, and Ustya went to the private boarding house of the Limansky.

When the family became tight with money, Tatyana Stepanovna got off to sew hare sheepskin coats for sale. Ilya treated his mother with great love and respect. A heavy blow to the teenager was the sudden death of his sister. Left without a faithful friend, the boy began to engage in self -education intensively - he took the book in the regimental library, re -read many classics, including Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov.

He also began to write out “Northern Lights”, a literary magazine for children. Miraculously, he called the colors that the cousin Trofim Chaplygin brought to their house: I had never seen colors and was looking forward to when Trofim would draw paints. He took a clean plate, turned the brush from a piece of paper, put a glass of water on the table, and we took Ustin alphabet so that he could paint her unpainted pictures with paints.

The first picture - watermelon - suddenly before our eyes turned live; What was indicated on it with a barely black feature, Trofim winged with green stripes, and the watermelon charged our eyes with lively color; We opened their mouths. But there was a miracle when Trofim painted the cut half of the second watermelon with red paint so lively and juicy that we even wanted to eat watermelon; And when the red dried, he made a thin brush in a thin pulp in some places black seeds-a miracle!

The first steps in his work when Trofim left his brother paint, Ilya's happiness knew no bounds. He tiredly painted something, admired the effect and was so worried that even the blood went with his nose. But from that moment, Repin firmly decided that he would learn drawing - to this miracle that a cousin opened for him. He began to earn extra money, painting the eggs to Easter, then he became an apprentice with Ivan Bunakov, an icon painter.

By the age of sixteen, Repin was known throughout the district - he was invited by contractors who carried icon -painting artels in different cities of Russia. Ilya offered 25 rubles of monthly payment, and he and other craftsmen went to roam from the city to the city. Once in the Voronezh province, Ilya heard a story about how Ivan Kramskoy went to the artist from the small town of Ostrogozhsk and became famous, drawing the painting “Moses Exclusions from the Rock”.

Having caught fire, the idea of ​​becoming no less famous, Repin went to the Imperial Academy of Arts. But it turned out that no one was waiting for him there, Ilya’s drawings criticized him. He did not give up. Saving the accumulated money, the novice artist decided to undergo training in the evening school, and later again came to exams at the academy.

The second attempt was successful. He studied longer than many other students, but during this time he managed to get friends and useful acquaintances. More closely than with the others, he communicated with artists Ivan Kramsky and Vasily Polenov, as well as critic Vasily Stasov.The work of Ilya Repin at first the novice artist lived poorly, selling his paintings, so that there was something to buy food and clothes.

One of his genre drawings with the image of a student watching the window behind the girl was bought for a rather large sum - Ilya was in the seventh heaven. Soon he received a small and large silver medals of the academy, and then for the painting “Job and his friends”, completed in, he was awarded the third academic award - a small gold medal. After a trip along the Volga, Repin created the first sketches for the Burlaki on the Volga canvas, which he introduced to the audience in the year.

For it, the artist received the first prize of the OPX [of the Imperial Society for the Promotion of Artists], and was soon awarded a large gold medal for the painting "Resurrection of the daughter of Jair." The picture made a splash. He wrote the fabulous "Sadko", "Parisian cafe." In the year, Repin returned to St. Petersburg, where he received the title of academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts, and later joined the Motracial partnership.

He painted the picture “Princess Sophia”, began working on the picture “Cossacks”, drove around Ukraine. A portrait of Modest Mussorgsky is notable. They saw the light of diverse canvases - a historical, social orientation, a reflection of the whole diversity of the then life. The painting “Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16 of the year” caused a great resonance, to which the artist was returning more than once.

So, he wrote to his friend in him: ... I ranged the theme of my formidable. The scene takes place in the reception of the front -line throne room. It is expanded significantly. Style - a mixture of Persian with Renaissance. Sunny rays from the upper windows penetrate high wooden mansions. The despot corrupted to madness is already in the next period of its execution.

He roars beluga. A disgusting, miserable, unfortunate executioner was finally punished. He recognized that he killed his dynasty, killed his kingdom ... There is God, there is historical retaliation ... That's how I was scattered. The artist’s friendship with Leo Tolstoy, from whom he was visiting Yasnaya Polyana, is noteworthy. Repin wrote his portrait in the interior, the painting “Leo Tolstoy on arable land” and other canvases with the image of the writer.

The painter’s brushes belong to such works as “did not wait”, “Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish Sultan”, which was acquired by Emperor Alexander III for 35 thousand rubles. In the nineties of the XIX century, Repin wrote a huge to order - 4 by 8.7 meters - the painting "A solemn meeting of the State Council on May 7 of the year on the day of the centenary of its institution." He was a teacher at the Academy of Arts, visited Rome at the World Artistic Exhibition, where a series of graphic portraits and the painting “October 17” were exhibited.

From a year until the end of his life, Ilya Repin lived in his estate Penates in the Finnish suburbs of St. Petersburg Kuokkale is now the village of Repino. In the last years of his life, he painted the paintings “Cross in Oak Forest”, “Gaidamaki”, a cycle of paintings on gospel plots. His work called "Golgotha" became especially soulful. In the year, the delegation of artists on behalf of the Soviet government came to the Penates, inviting Repin to return to Russia after the revolution of the year of proclamation of the independence of Finland Kuokkal became a foreign settlement.

The artist did not agree, although he constantly maintained contact with friends and students who remained in the USSR. Ilya Repin’s personal life at the age of 28 was married with Vera Shevtsova, with whom he was familiar for a long time and often visited her father-architect. As a teenager, Vera Alekseevna has repeatedly posed for Repin, and after the wedding she became his constant model, supporting her husband in everything.

Once, Vera Ziloti and her sister Sasha, the daughter of the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery, visited the family. After this visit, Ziloti wrote: Vera Alekseevna, accidentally sitting with me alone in the dining room at the table, told me how she, after a whole tedious day, putting her children, exhausted, sits down at this table to be silent and come to their senses in silence.

I go to bed happy, full of energy for the next day. Then I forget my face that was boring to me, which in the morning, when I combed my hair, brought me, in the mirror, right into despair by my ugliness. ” And how much she was sweet! She remained for me the ideal of mental femininity, the ideal of the artist’s friend! Ilya Efimovich accepted the birth of his son himself, because the midwife was late.

At first, love and understanding reigned in the family, the artist devoted a lot of time to his wife and children. Over time, the relationship between the spouses became colder. Vera Alekseevna, focused on raising children, was jealous of her husband to fans, students, crowds besieged him. In the year, the Repins divorced, while the older girls remained to live with her father, and Tanya and Yura with her mother.

In the year, the painter passionately fell in love with his student Elizabeth Zvantsev. He threw her with love letters, even forgot about work, admitting that he only thinks about her for a second. For the girl, these relations were painful, she even passed to another teacher, so as not to see Repin. But the meetings still continued until Zvantsev, having left the academy, did not leave St.

Petersburg.

Ilya Efimovich took the portrait of his beloved in the year in the penalties, and he hung on the wall of the dining room until the end of the artist. In the year, Repin married a second time - the daughter of a marine officer, writer Natalya Nordman. He bought a manor in her name in the Finnish suburb of St. Petersburg called Kuokkale. The estate was called penalties. In it, the new mistress started her orders: she introduced vegetarian food, transferred all households and guests to self -service.