Imant Freiman Biography

Imant Georgievich Freiman is an outstanding scientist and teacher, among the famous scientists in the field of radio engineering, creators of the scientific school of Russian radio engineering, the name of an outstanding teacher, professor Imante Georgievich Freiman occupies an honorable place. More than a hundred years have passed since the birth of I. Freiman, but the fruits of his multifaceted scientific activity not only did not lose their significance, but were developed and continued in many areas of modern radio electronics, radio communications, ultrasonic equipment, optical systems, etc.

Freiman was born on April 19 in the family of a teacher of a parish school in Latvia. From childhood, Imant has shown exceptional curiosity, hard work and determination. Imant received primary education in the family. Mother - Olga Freiman, herself taught Imanta to foreign languages ​​German, French and Russian, as well as music. From the year, Imant Freiman studied at the Mitavsky real school, where he showed interest in the exact sciences - physics, mathematics, and mechanics.

Invention A. Popov in the year Radio influenced the decision of Imanta Freiman to continue education at the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute, where he entered the year. During the training of I. Freiman ... These years were a leading educational institution in the field of electrical engineering not only in Russia, but also in Europe, where authoritative specialists taught, professors: director P.

Voinarovsky, physicists V. Skobeltsin and D. Rozhansky, well -known professors in the field of electrical engineering, electromagnetic field and radio telegraph, A. Petrovsky, P. Osadchiy, N. Skitsky and others. Students studied by an electrical specialty, in addition to fundamentally, the course “Electric vibrations and electromagnetic waves”, which was read by Professor A.

Petrovsky, read the only radio engineering course “Baby Telegraph”. The practical specialization of I. Freiman on the radio telegraph began in his student years, when he participated in the construction of a number of radio stations, attracting attention with curiosity, excellent fundamental training and practical grip. Naturally, the diploma project of I.

Freiman was also associated with the design of the Moscow-Baku radio telegraph line. In January, I. Freiman successfully graduated from these, having received an electrical engineer of the first category, and was recommended by the chairman of the interdepartmental radio telegraph committee of the ICR, Professor P. Osadchim for the engineering position of an assistant minister of MRK, requiring wide erudition and special education.

Thanks to tremendous performance, interest in all the new, the desire to know the fundamental foundations of the processes and phenomena, the twenty-three-year-old electrical engineer successfully copes with the widest circle of issues solved by MRK. This includes primarily an examination of projects of radio stations of all departments, the organization of research in the field of radio waves, the development of technical conditions and testing of electrical and radio components, the organization of vocational education in the field of radio telegraphy.

I. Framan did not pass by and the lack of the established terminology in the field of radio telegraphy and radiotelephony at that time. He notes that it is important that "we all call new values ​​with the same names and that the same content is invested in the same names." Starting from the year, I. Framiman takes part in the studies conducted at the radio telegraph plant of the Marine Department, where M.

Shuleykin and N. In the year I. Framan were proposed to take these vacant position of the senior laboratory assistant, and from that moment his pedagogical activity begins. Already at the beginning of the year, his first small book on radio engineering “A Brief Essay on the Fundamentals of Radio Engineering” was published, where he first introduced the concept of “Radio Engineering”.

In addition, the civil war sharply exacerbated the issue with engineering and scientific personnel. Already in March, the main of the numerous duties of I. Freiman was the conduct of research in the interests of developing the means of communication of the fleet. So, together with A. Petrovsky, he conducted experiments on underwater radio telegraphs, explores the conditions for receiving radio signals in a submarine.

In the year, in the scientific council of Leti, he defended the master's thesis on the topic “On the Laws of the Law of Radio Seserbates” and was approved as a professor of institute. By order of the Navy of April 03, I. Freiman was appointed chairman of the communication and navigation section of the NTK MS, while remaining the senior technique of technical management. The maintenance and navigation section of the ship radio communications in the navy, the coastal surveillance and communications service, hydroacoustic and aeroacoustics, visual communications and observation, the beams of the IR-band, etc.

It is characteristic that already at that time I. Freiman set the task of re-equipping the fleet and the development of automatic recognition and processing of information, ahead of its time over decades. Freiman is the organizer of the first domestic research work in the field of creating hydroacoustic means.Kozyrev and A. Shaposhnikov and others engaged in the creation of a test model of the Pesokovarts Hydrophone, and, starting from the year, I.

Framiman attracted the work on the creation of the “Super -Tonal Acoustic Wave” device, a graduate of Lati of the year C. During the years, not only experimental work in the field of noise alert was carried out, but also developed a number Mercury, Marsury, Mars, Saturn. Thus, under the leadership of I. Freiman and his student S. Sokolov, the foundations of domestic hydropolocation were laid.

Freiman and A. Berg developed by S. Sokolov Pekhesoelectric vibrators in order to obtain intensive ultraacoustic fluctuations in liquids. Purposefully dealing with the problems of creating communications and observation for the fleet, I. Kozyrev and S. Pokrovsky, who conducted pioneer research and field tests of equipment using IR radiation for communication and alarm. Already in the year, the work of the equipment in the IR Roading range was demonstrated by a special commission chaired by I.

Student, during this period, the first studies were also conducted to detect ships on their own thermal radiation, the positive practical results of which were crucial for the development of new scientific areas, the opening of the relevant departments in LETI to train engineering personnel. Freiman on the topic "Problems of the Military Fleet Communication." According to the report of I.

Freiman, a resolution of the NTK MS was adopted to create a new fleet radio equipment system, known as “blockade 1”, in which many ideas of the scientist were implemented. So, the communication system was based on the use of equipment that works not only on long waves, but also provided for the use of a communication system in KV and VHF ranges. Qualified personnel, researchers and professors were involved in the development of the system.

So the radio section of the Technical Council, the chairman of N. Cyclovski, included Professor N. Papaleksi, D. Rozhansky, V. Vologdin, A. Shorin and others. The scientific and practical activities of I. Framan were multifaceted, he often paid attention to the seemingly secondary issues at the moment, but after sometimes even years, new generations of specialists in various fields of radio engineering returned to them.

So, in the early twenties, I. Freiman took an active part in the development of the first radio zones intended for meteorological observations and studies of the spread of radio waves in the conditions of the Arctic. Freiman, being an excellent musician himself, was interested in the problems of creating high -quality electroacoustic equipment for artistic reproduction of music and speech.

After many years, methods were developed for deepening the modulation while maintaining the quality of the transmission. Another example of the breadth of interests of I. Framan is his work dedicated to safety measures when working with radio equipment. It notes not only the specific working conditions of the personnel serving the radio equipment and fairly simple cases of human current damage, but also paid attention to the features of the effects of the high-frequency electromagnetic field on human health, the dependence of the effect on the power and frequency of oscillations, taking into account the skin effect, on the state of the skin and other physiological factors.

Freiman clearly saw the prospects of using electronic lamps to generate powerful high -frequency fluctuations compared to electric machines developed by the professor by V. Vologdin, decisively and persistently supported the development of new electronic devices and conducted research on the calculation and construction of generators based on them, attracting his closest student A.

Freiman was one of the first to propose a project of a powerful central broadcasting station, the implementation of which occurred after the death of the scientist. By the mid -twenties, there was a lack of research in the field of antenna systems, which was noted in the article by I. Framan "On the evolution of the radio network." Freiman and M. Shuleikin were one of the first in the study of antenna systems, and, not limited to theory, but developing methods of engineering calculation and experimental definition of the corresponding parameters of antennas.

So I. Freiman proposed a fairly simple method for calculating the own wavelength of the antenna, based on the determination of an excess capacity caused by the influence of the Earth. This is due to the fact that the parameters of antenna systems are continuously distributed and can be replaced by the so -called “dynamic” values ​​of CG, LG, RG, the values ​​of which depend on the law of voltage and current along the network.

Moreover, along with “dynamic constant” the concept of “acting constant”, differing from static meanings. Naturally, the use of each of these values ​​is associated with the introduction of errors in the desired quantities.