Biographies of civilizations

The English proverb British civilization ... First, let's dilute the concepts to understand what we are talking about. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of several countries. For a long time, all of Ireland entered Britain, and the British do not cause good feelings among the Irish. Northern Ireland, Olster - still a special part of this difficult state.

He shared the “Big Britain”-a huge island, and “Small Britain”-the Brittan Peninsula of the North-West of modern France, which fled from the Anglo-Saxons of the Celtic Britta. The UK consists of England, Scotland and Welles. Welles is a Celtic country gradually conquered by the Anglo -Saxons and the British. Scotland is a country of Celts, annexed to England, conquered and almost completely assimilated the country of the same Celts.

Civilization of Great Britain? But Celtic Ireland and Wales did not play any special role in world history. Scotland is a country of Celts, who almost did not preserve their language. The Scots speak a language very close to English. The Scots are a special people, not the British in any sense. The role of Scotland in history is the role of one of the small countries of Europe, and Sweden and Switzerland close in size and the number of population are still more noticeable.

What is permissible to call British civilization was born in England and only in England. England created this type of culture and spread to other countries of the United Kingdom. But not right away. Most of the history we know, the British Islands were a distant wild periphery. The Celts found rare primitive tribes there, just starting to proceed to agriculture. And the Celts came from the mainland, where agriculture and cattle breeding were established a long time ago.

The Romans met in Britain the savages painted with blue paint, who fought with each other, made human sacrifices and eating human. The humanists themselves are far from, the Romans were horror Galfried Jeffrey the Monmut miniature of the XV century. Perhaps she portrays Jeffrey. There are no lifetime images. British pirates dominate the seas. Britain colonies arise in the most incredible places.

A new civilization is entering the arena of history - British. This is not a separate civilization, standing on its special religious foundation. This is a branch of Europe, no words ... But this is a special branch! Since that time, the British differ from any continental European people more than any of them - from another. By the end of the 16th century, the country and people are formed with a special system of life, relations and ideas.

What kind of civilization? British civilization becomes a global phenomenon, but the question is - thanks to why? But the freedom of personality and democracy in Britain is another historical myth. Britain created perhaps the most caste, the most closed society of all that ever existed in Europe. Even in ancient Rome and in Athens, there was a larger democracy.

British civilization is simply intimidatingly non -uniform. Several interesting philosophical ideas are born in Britain. Painting, literature, science fiction of England is at least no worse than French or German. But leadership ... In the best case, one of the European cultures. The world leadership of Britain ensured two circumstances: an industrial revolution and the greatest empire in the world.

Both phenomena, firstly, are closely interconnected. Secondly, deeply not random. One of the most deaf Roman empires, Britain did not even switch to Latin. Celts in Gaul, future France, completely lost their language. There arose the peoples of Gallo-Roman. And in Britain, after the departure of the Romans, the invaded Germans found people living in tribes, who had just begun to build their states.

And speaking in Celtic languages. The Celts went into battle on the Angles and the Saxons under the howl of a little bag, with a tribal cry ... As if there was no Rome. It is conquered by the Vikings from Denmark, then the Normans - the same Vikings who mixed with the French. What is being done in Celtic Wells, Scotland and Ireland is generally difficult to describe. The cannibalism seemed to have disappeared, although the British sometimes doubted in that and in the 17th century ...

I do not undertake to judge to what extent it is reasonable. But the division into clans of the mountain Scots is completely real at the beginning of the twentieth century. In Ireland, surnames still mean belonging to the clan. Until the 19th century, in Ireland, his brother had to take his brother’s wife in case of his death - even if he himself was married. Catholics, damn .... The peripheral backward country, which does not play a special role either in politics or in culture.

Before the centenary of the year, it is not even very clear whether such a state exists, or England - part of the possessions of common English and French kings. Photo by the author. The trees in the park are separate from each other. Guinsberry Park in London. Pragmatic British created increasingly advanced ways of production. The first mechanisms for production created the first mechanisms.

Individualism, features of the laws and political system of Britain made invention economically profitable.At first glance, the paradox: Having become the “workshop of the world”, England managed to turn machine production against its own pages. The consequence of the coup was not enrichment, but the ruin and poverty of the vast majority of people. This is also deeply not by chance: just the pathological custom of English society manifested itself.

As a result, other European countries received much more from the industrial coup than Britain itself. The British Empire is also far from accidental phenomenon. The fate of many of them was navigation, trade and piracy. Long before building a British empire, England created the greatest trade and navy in the world. Until the twentieth century, the British fleet was rightfully considered the strongest throughout the world.

Based on him, Britain and created the notorious empire, over which the sun never enters. The greatest empire in history! The British still could not feed on their islands. The cruel state drove from the country of "dissidents" - religious dissenters. Millions of people made an equally cruel economic system “superfluous” ... They also fled to the colony. It existed as if in parallel with the rest of Europe.

Before World War II, French remained in the international language. The second most important was German. They almost did not study English-it was simply considered not too necessary. In recent decades, English has become the language of world communication - and then thanks to not Britain, but due to dominance in the US world. At the same time, Britain played a much large role in the history of European countries, which is usually suggested.

Her policy is simple and understandable: not to allow the leadership of any of the countries of Europe. Introduce the creation of the "bull." An engraving of the unknown, year. Bulls tied to the fence with dogs - the favorite entertainment of the British until the middle of the 19th century. These goals were pursued by the economic support of one or the other in conflicts and wars.

And direct military intervention. And intrigues and espionage. British interests can be traced in the events of the French Revolution, in the fussy rivalry of the German and Italian principalities, in the overthrow of Peter III, in the murder of Paul I ... During the Russian-Persian war, the Persian army was trained and partially headed by English officers. The Civil War of the years is unusually joyful of the British ruling circles - the main competitor in Asia, the Russian Empire, destroyed itself.

At first glance, the collapse of the British Empire dealt a mortal blow to this civilization. But to think so is very naive. London is no longer the largest city in the world, not the capital of industrial production. But this is one of the largest financial and economic centers in the world. The interests of Britain and its methods of pursuit of politics also have not disappeared anywhere.

Our book is an attempt to show how British civilization was born, what are its foundations, and what can be expected from it.