Main Africa Biography

It is washed by the Mediterranean and Red Seas from the north and northeast, respectively, the Atlantic Ocean - from the west, the Indian - from the east, both from the south.

Africa is also called part of the world. It consists of the mainland itself and the adjacent islands. Africa Africa Square is the second largest mainland on the planet after Eurasia. The extreme points of Africa Northern-Cape Ben-Sekka. Located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Tunisia. South - Cape I needle. Western - Cape Almadi. Located within the city of Dakar, the capital of Senegal.

It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. East-Cape Ras-Hafun. This extreme point is located on the coast of the Indian Ocean, in Somalia. The internal waters of Africa on the territory of Africa flows the second largest river in the world - Nile Km. It originates on the East African Plateau and flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming an extensive delta with an area of ​​27.5 thousand.

The most full -flowing African River and the entire Eastern Hemisphere - Congo. Among other significant rivers of the mainland, such as: Niger, Zambezi, Limpopo and Orange can be distinguished. Features of the relief of Africa lead to the formation of a large number of thresholds and waterfalls Victoria, Tugel, Mutarasi and others. The largest lake of continent is Victoria. It occupies an area of ​​about 68.9 thousand.

The deepest lake of Africa and the second in the world after Lake Baikal is called the Tanganika depth to m. A significant part of the mainland area is occupied by deserts, Wedes of the Wedes on which are temporary or seasonal. Moreover, often in these areas there are underground water reserves in artesian basins. Africa’s relief of Africa can be divided into the low northwest of the mainland and the high southeast.

This part of the mainland is characterized by a height of less than m. High Africa is predominantly characterized by heights over m. The prevailing forms of African relief: step plains, plateau, plateau and highlands. In the eastern part of the mainland there is a rift valley, which stretches from the Red Sea through the Ethiopian Highlands to the mouth of the Zambezi River by about six thousand kilometers.

The fault lines have extinct and active volcanoes, including the highest peak of Africa - Kilimanjaro m. The climate of Africa Africa is the hottest continent of the Earth. Such a climate led to the situation in the Escvatorial zone and between the northern and southern tropics. The equatorial belt is spread out in Central Africa the basin of the Congo River and the coastal regions of the Gulf of Guinea.

Throughout the year, abundant precipitation falls in these territories and there is no expressed change of seasons. Subequatorial belts are located to the north and south of the equatorial to x latch. Here in the summer, moist equatorial masses of air dominate. They cause the rainy season. In winter, the time for dry air of tropical passats comes the dry season.

Due to the features of the relief, the amount of precipitation decreases from west to east. Further north and south are northern and southern tropical belts, which are characterized by high temperatures with a small amount of precipitation. This leads to the formation of sugar deserts, Kalahari, Namib. The northern and southern ends of the mainland are included in the appropriate subtropical belts.

African Ecology Africa is subjected to powerful human impact. Among the most important factors that impede the maintenance of environmental equilibrium, one can distinguish: the subseral-vicious system of agriculture; uncontrolled cattle output; Mass extermination of wild animals. The sugar desert gradually moves south due to climate change and ill-conceived nature management and rapid growth of the population.

The political division of Africa in Africa is 55 states and several more self -proclaimed and unrecognized. For a long time, many of them were colonies of Western countries. The mass process of gaining independence occurred during the years of the XX century. In the north of Africa there were territories belonging to European countries: Seuta, Mellya, Canary Islands - Spain; Madeira - Portugal.

A characteristic feature of the mainland is the problem of borders that were often carried out without taking into account ethnic characteristics during the colonial development of these territories. This still causes disputes and even military conflicts between countries. The population of Africa Africa is 1.46 billion people. A high growth rate of the number of residents is preserved.

According to the UN forecast, the population of the mainland will increase by another billion by the year. In African countries, there is a rapid growth of the urban population. However, often this process is not accompanied by the formation of an adequate urban environment and lifestyle. The so -called false urbanization occurs. As a result, in many cities, extensive areas of slums are formed.

The population of Africa consists mainly of representatives of two races: Negroid and Caucasian. The former live mainly south of the Sahara, and the latter - in the northern part of the mainland Araba and South Africa of the Boer and the Anglozhno Africans.