B NSTOP Biography

Elizaveta Minin Genomik 1. American scientists described the new family of DNA transosons in the genoms of marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus, called the Tihipozones. The results of the work are published in Cell. Tikhipozones often carry genes that increase the effectiveness of nutrition or contribute to protection against phages. Between the cells of the ticipozones are transmitted either as part of extracellular vesicles or phages.

An analysis of the sequences of the ticipozones showed that these transposons form a monofiletic treasure and are characterized by a specific set of genes associated with mobility. The authors suggest that the ticipozones play an important role in the adaptation of sea bacteria to environmental conditions. Read more on PCR. News Anthropology 2. The international team of scientists analyzed the genetic history of Scandinavia from the Iron Age to the present, using 48 new and published early ancient genomes, as well as genomes of 16 modern people.

The results of the study were published in Cell. The authors of the work described both the regional genetic variations of the inhabitants of Scandinavia, and the intensity of the intake of genes from the Eastern Baltic states, the British islands and southern Europe. In particular, they showed that the genetic influence of the British islands in Scandinavia was very noticeable in the Viking era.

It turned out that the external genetic contribution to the gene pool of the residents of Scandinavia in the Middle Ages and during the Vikings was more than at present. Molecular biology 3. Czech scientists described the new Blastocrithidia Nonstop Write from among the tripanosomatides, in which two of the three stop-codons are turned into semantic ones. The authors of the work published in Nature showed that B.

To recognize the UGA stop-codon, the Write has a special tripophane trp, which, unlike the “canonical” form, has an anticodonal stem of four, not five pairs of bases. The functioning of UGA as a stop codon is also prevented by a special mutation of the ERF1 broadcast factor. The authors of a new work published in Nature announced the creation of a atlas of substrate specificity of serin-treonine kinaz of a person.

The substrate specificity of the movie The totality of all kinaz was much more diverse than expected, and is only under the influence of negative selection. Physiology 5. Researchers from Canada showed on the mouse model that obesity in the history causes persistent epigenetic changes that affect congenital immunity and enhances neuro -drilling. An article with the results of the study was published in Science.

The cause of the changes lies in stearic acid: acting through the TLR4 receptor, it triggers chromatin remodeling, as a result of which the attenuing sites of the activating protein AP in myeloid cells are opened, these changes lead to the fact that metabolism deregists from the oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis, and the expression of the genes of wire cutokins is activated.

As a result, signs of neo -sleeping develop: pathological angiogenesis in the retina is exacerbated and neurona degeneration is launched, leading to age -related loss. Neurobiology 6. Neurodegenerative diseases associated with the formation of tau-white clusters in brain tissue are known as tauopathy. Tauopathy also includes Alzheimer's disease. It is known that the accumulations of Tau-Belka negatively affect the spatial organization of cells of the cells, in particular, chromatin decontence occurs, which is the result of the activation of retrotranspozone.

The latter leads to the emergence of dual -pounding RNA, which activate neuro. The authors of the new study published in Science Advances showed that in patients with Alzheimer's disease in astrocytes are excessively active systems for detecting dual -use DNA and RNA - transposon activity products. In fruit flies, scientists were able to identify specific retrotranspozons induced by Tau-Belkom.

Molecular diagnostics 7. American scientists on the pages of Science Translational Medicine proposed a new approach to cancer diagnostics, based on the analysis of patterns of fragmentation of extracellular DNA. The authors of the work carried out a full -granular analysis of extracellular DNA from the sample, and also analyzed the sequencing data of other samples that belonged to healthy people and patients with 11 types of cancer.

To evaluate the fragmentation of extracellular DNA, a metric was developed, which correlated with a share of DNA of tumor origin. Scientists argue that the approach they have developed can become a cheap method for detection of cancer cells and monitoring the course of the disease. Scientists from the University of Yale and the Yale Medical School reported that the CXCL10 Hemokin can be used as a nasopharyngeal marker of viral infection.

An article with the results of the study is published in The Lancet.To measure the CXCL10 concentration, nasopharyngeal strokes of patients with symptoms of infections were used, in which the panel of the most common respiratory viruses did not reveal the pathogen. Further analysis showed that the CXCL10 works as a biomarker of a viral infection in such patients. Syntomatic patients screening in symptomatic patients is an important task of biosaurism.

News 9. Some cases of Alzheimer's disease are due to autosomal dominant mutations, such as App p. The authors of the new work published in the Brain journal reported on the identification of blood plasma biomarkers, which can be used for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The study included 33 carriers of autosomal dominant mutations leading to Alzheimer's disease, and 42 patients who do not have such mutations.

Scientists have confirmed that the P-Tau, GFAP and NFL phosphorized Tau-Boker Tau-beam can be used to diagnose this form of Alzheimer's disease before the onset of symptoms. Oncology, the process of metastasis requires adjusting the mechanical parameters of the cell nucleus, since malignant cells find themselves in the new micro -infection and in tissues with a new structure.

As reported in a new work published in Nature Cell Biology, the expression of two LAP1 protein isoforms localized on the internal nuclear membrane increases in metastasizing cells. The expression of a short Lap1 isform promotes the Blebbbing of the composure of the bubbles of the nuclear membrane, as well as weakens the connection of nuclear lamine and nuclear membrane, which facilitates the migration of cells.

A malignant tumor of the shells of peripheral nerves - an aggressive variety of sarcoma of soft tissues - can occur sporadically, in addition, patients with neurofibromatosis of the first type are subject to it. The authors of the new study published in Cancer Discovery analyzed 95 samples of this tumor using multi -regional eczular sequencing, as well as profileing the transcriptoma and methyloma.

They found that as a result of biallle inactivation of the NF1 gene associated with neurofibromatosis of the first type, the functionality of the CDKN2A or TP53 genes is lost, which ultimately leads to numerous changes in the number of copies of genes in somatic cells. Changes occur at the epigenetic level, in particular, as the tumor develops, the repressive Polycomb PRC2 complex is inactivated, which is why the status of trimethylation in the H3K position by the status of trimethylating H3K27 can be judged by the forecast.

Scientists argue that the study of variations of the number of copies of genes both in tumor samples and in extracellular DNA allows you to predict the status of H3K27 trimethylization and the level of tumor infiltration with immune cells and form a forecast. After removing solid tumors, separate tumor cells often remain, which reduce the effectiveness of surgical treatment.

Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania showed that Car-T cells can be used to destroy residual malignant cells after surgery. The results of the study are published in Science Advances. Car-T, directed against Mesotelin, were delivered to the place of removal of the tumor in mice as part of a carrier based on fibrin glue. Life expectancy in mice increased significantly due to the destruction of residual malignant cells.

It is planned to conduct clinical trials. Bioenginery American scientists have created the bioenginean bacterium Lactobacillus Reuteri, a secretion of KV1 potassium canal. The results of the work are published in PNAS. In in vitro conditions, this substance suppresses the proliferation of T-cells of the human effector memory. Road experiments showed that a single oral administration of the bacterium suppresses the inflammation in one of the models of atopic dermatitis caused mainly by T-cells of effector memory.

Moreover, in rats suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, the oral administration of this bacterium made it possible to significantly improve the general condition and reduce inflammation in the joints. Company News Executive Director of Somalogic Roy Smith said at the JP Morgan Healthcare conference that the company intends to develop its diagnostic segment and focuses on the proteomics at the moment Somalogic has developed 32 diagnostic tests, 10 tests are at the stage of development, in general, the company owns approximately patents.

At the same time, 16 tests developed are already in clinical use. The total number of customers of the company has almost doubled in a year.